Speaking topics in text
Using the two examples from the professor’s lecture, explain what is meant by “the primacy effect" and how it can affect our opinions.
When people form opinions about a person or a situation, those opinions are likely to be based on first impressions, on an initial assessment of the person or situation. In other words, the opinions we have of people or situations tend to be based much more on the first information we team about them than on information we learn later. This tendency is called the primacy effect. Researchers believe that the primacy effect occurs because after people have made an initial judgment, they tend to notice evidence that supports that judgment, and disregard or fail to notice evidence that contradicts it.
Speaking recording
Votes
Speaking category
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 639.0 592.248995984 108% => OK
No of words: 162.0 155.574297189 104% => OK
Chars per words: 3.94444444444 3.80514564318 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.56762134501 3.525876923 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.00077145615 1.79077849142 112% => OK
Unique words: 112.0 93.7148594378 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.691358024691 0.604071249207 114% => OK
Syllable count: 206.1 185.844578313 111% => OK
Avg_syllables_per_word: 1.3 1.19417670683 109% => OK
Performance on coherence:
Topic speech coherence ratio: 0.0312275822737 0.0650381309087 48% => It may have issues on recording quality or the content is not so closely related to content.
Acoustic performance on paragraphs:
How many acoustic paragraphs: 1.0 4.35341365462 23% => Need more acoustic paragraphs.
Average paragraph length: 162.0 68.503853103 236% => The average paragraph length is high.
STD paragraph length: 0.0 21.3332995233 0% => OK
Average paragraph duration: 59.01 25.9943957902 227% => Need to control the rhythm of the speech
STD paragraph duration: 0.0 7.84667146824 0% => The duration of acoustic paragraphs keeps same.
Acoustic performance on sentences:
How many acoustic sentences: 30.0 42.0642570281 71% => OK
Average acoustic sentence length: 5.4 4.02192344571 134% => OK
STD acoustic sentence length: 5.01730339259 3.1217529195 161% => OK
Average acoustic sentences duration: 1.93866666667 1.45093177766 134% => OK
STD acoustic sentences duration: 1.55240401385 0.99851816184 155% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic silence:(An acoustic silence means a little pause between two or more words)
How many acoustic silence: 28.0 39.0421686747 72% => OK
Total acoustic silence duration: 6.17 7.12997991968 87% => OK
Average acoustic silence duration: 0.220357142857 0.185688545393 119% => OK
STD acoustic silence duration: 0.155849793594 0.155154303396 100% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic words:
Total word duration: 49.86 47.1480722892 106% => OK
Average word duration: 0.307777777778 0.305395592593 101% => OK
STD word duration: 0.169363368582 0.189427763521 89% => OK
Disfluencies: like hesitations, or 'ehn' or taking a long time to pronounce a word:
How many disfluencies: 10.0 7.94979919679 126% => It may have 'ehn' in the speaking, or it has hesitations or overlapping speeches.
Total_disfluencies_duration: 6.8 6.2937751004 108% => OK
Total acoustic noise duration: 1.03 3.39508032129 30% => OK
Acoustic rates:
Total speech duration: 59.01 59.7592369478 99% => OK
Compare to expected duration: 0.9835 0.995987282463 99% => OK
Rate of silence: 0.474495848161 0.656000678711 72% => OK
Rate of speech: 2.74529740722 2.60215298798 106% => OK
Rate of speech by unique words: 1.89798339265 1.56821927147 121% => OK
Rate of word duration by unique words: 2.24628961091 1.99336655568 113% => OK
Average articulation rates: 0.273102320988 0.317803793328 86% => OK
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by speech e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the speech e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas.