Using points and examples from the talk, describe the two defense mechanisms mentioned by the professor.
1. When people are in difficult situations, sometimes they experience feelings of helplessness or psychological pain.
2. So what'll they do?
3. They unconsciously use strategies called defense mechanisms to protect themselves psychologically from their painful emotions.
4. Let's say a woman has a pet dog.
5. She's had his dog for a long time and he's kept her company and guarded her for years.
6. But one day he runs away.
7. This woman looks everywhere and asks other people if they've seen her do but she just can't find him.
8. Now she feels helpless and sad because she misses her dog.
9. So she'll unconsciously find ways to deal with her painful feelings.
10. One defense mechanism she might use is fantasy.
11. With fantasy, the woman uses her imagination.
12. So instead of just feeling helpless and sad about her lost dog, she invents a happy story in her mind.
13. She might imagine that a nice family found him and feels him and that he is really happy with them.
14. She will picture the dog playing, running around, having fun.
15. Because of this fantasy, she doesn't have to feel sad about her do running away.
16. It's a fantasy.
17. It's not real but it keeps her pain away.
18. Another defense mechanism she might use is what we call sublimation.
19. Sublimation is different from fantasy because sublimation isn't about pretending.
20. It's about turning negative emotions into something useful, practical.
21. So the woman might start a dog training school.
22. That way, by training dogs, perhaps she can help prevent other people's dogs from running away like hers did.
23. In other words, with sublimation as a defense mechanism, the woman redirects her negative feeling about losing her dog into a positive constructive activity.
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 653.0 578.828451883 113% => OK
No of words: 170.0 151.265690377 112% => OK
Chars per words: 3.84117647059 3.82278263415 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.61087313685 3.50058242952 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 1.83224671583 1.80425224433 102% => OK
Unique words: 99.0 92.4686192469 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.582352941176 0.61298525976 95% => OK
Syllable count: 201.6 182.283891213 111% => OK
Avg_syllables_per_word: 1.2 1.20543933054 100% => OK
Performance on coherence:
Topic speech coherence ratio: 0.0797743755036 0.0839705835288 95% => OK
Acoustic performance on paragraphs:
How many acoustic paragraphs: 1.0 4.47071129707 22% => Need more acoustic paragraphs.
Average paragraph length: 170.0 65.8948926009 258% => The average paragraph length is high.
STD paragraph length: 0.0 19.7758100068 0% => OK
Average paragraph duration: 53.47 25.5208953607 210% => Need to control the rhythm of the speech
STD paragraph duration: 0.0 7.49434385956 0% => The duration of acoustic paragraphs keeps same.
Acoustic performance on sentences:
How many acoustic sentences: 41.0 42.9832635983 95% => OK
Average acoustic sentence length: 4.14634146341 3.78147595546 110% => OK
STD acoustic sentence length: 4.83160820376 2.94285465224 164% => OK
Average acoustic sentences duration: 1.2612195122 1.39386743896 90% => OK
STD acoustic sentences duration: 1.28973280485 0.967747756167 133% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic silence:(An acoustic silence means a little pause between two or more words)
How many acoustic silence: 45.0 40.4456066946 111% => It means the content is not pronounced smoothly or it is pronounced slowly. It is word by word.
Total acoustic silence duration: 7.12 7.59280334728 94% => OK
Average acoustic silence duration: 0.158222222222 0.19053887516 83% => OK
STD acoustic silence duration: 0.140543214214 0.157467062838 89% => OK
Acoustic performance on acoustic words:
Total word duration: 43.47 46.3453556485 94% => OK
Average word duration: 0.255705882353 0.308780311121 83% => OK
STD word duration: 0.142601156957 0.201157623399 71% => OK
Disfluencies: like hesitations, or 'ehn' or taking a long time to pronounce a word:
How many disfluencies: 3.0 8.09623430962 37% => Good job, the lower, the better.
Total_disfluencies_duration: 2.27 6.56692468619 35% => Good job. The lower, the better.
Total acoustic noise duration: 0.71 3.53066945607 20% => Good job. The lower, the better.
Acoustic rates:
Total speech duration: 53.47 59.5455230126 90% => Talk more. Do not save time. People can talk 4-5 words in one second.
Compare to expected duration: 0.891166666667 0.992425383543 90% => Some seconds left. Need to talk more.
Rate of silence: 0.841593416869 0.681803438845 123% => Less acoustic silences wanted.
Rate of speech: 3.17935290817 2.53813033465 125% => OK
Rate of speech by unique words: 1.85150551711 1.55221717717 119% => OK
Rate of word duration by unique words: 2.27743271222 1.99939622689 114% => OK
Average articulation rates: 0.291238194118 0.309613076454 94% => OK
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by speech e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the speech e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas.