The following memorandum is from the business manager of Happy Pancake House restaurants.
"Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. This change, however, has had little impact on our customers. In fact, only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
The argument that "Butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants" is based on only 2 percent of customers complaints and servers reports of Happy Pancake House restaurants. While the line of reasoning is somewhat persuasive, it committed Insufficient sample fallacy and biased sample fallacy. Therefore is logically not sound.
First of all, the argument commits Insufficient sample faulty. The author made conclusion that butter has been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants has had little impact on their customers based on only about 2 percent complaints and several server reports. It is possible that majority of customers don't like margarine. So, the author should need to conduct customers reviews and polls.
Second, the author made the wrong assumption on the basis of just 2 percent complaints. When indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change, the author just considering the 2 percent of complaints. He committed an even more serious fallacy by indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Rather, the author
should take feedback and reviews from all the customers.
finally, the argument potentially assumed that the margarine had little impact on their customers by servers report that a number of customers who ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Actually, it may be those customers doesn't want to complain about their dislikes and doesn't care about getting margarine instead of butter. Moreover, if either these customers do not distinguish butter from margarine or they use the term 'butter' to refer to either butter or margarine, this does not guarantee that all customers are happy with the change.
In sum, the argument is neither sound nor convincing since it overlooks many possibilities that must be addressed or conducted to strengthen its statement. if it included the items described above, it may be more strong or persuasive.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 331, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...mple fallacy and biased sample fallacy. Therefore is logically not sound. First of all...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 321, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
... is possible that majority of customers dont like margarine. So, the author should n...
^^^^
Line 6, column 123, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ints. When indicating that an average of 98 people out of 100 are happy with the ...
^^
Line 9, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Finally
... and reviews from all the customers. finally, the argument potentially assumed that ...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 254, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...ad. Actually, it may be those customers doesnt want to complain about their dislikes a...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 303, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...nt to complain about their dislikes and doesnt care about getting margarine instead of...
^^^^^^
Line 11, column 157, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
... conducted to strengthen its statement. if it included the items described above, ...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, first, if, look, may, moreover, second, so, then, therefore, while, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 19.6327345309 71% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 12.9520958084 46% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 11.1786427146 98% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 13.6137724551 88% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 28.8173652695 87% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 55.5748502994 76% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 16.3942115768 37% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1703.0 2260.96107784 75% => OK
No of words: 323.0 441.139720559 73% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.27244582043 5.12650576532 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.23936324884 4.56307096286 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.831536363 2.78398813304 102% => OK
Unique words: 160.0 204.123752495 78% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.495356037152 0.468620217663 106% => OK
syllable_count: 520.2 705.55239521 74% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 4.96107784431 121% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.76447105788 103% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 2.70958083832 148% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 19.7664670659 81% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 20.0 22.8473053892 88% => OK
Sentence length SD: 60.4555621924 57.8364921388 105% => OK
Chars per sentence: 106.4375 119.503703932 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.1875 23.324526521 87% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.5 5.70786347227 114% => OK
Paragraphs: 6.0 5.15768463074 116% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 5.25449101796 133% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 8.20758483034 85% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 6.88822355289 87% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.67664670659 64% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.25840436409 0.218282227539 118% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0727624497825 0.0743258471296 98% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.119166754683 0.0701772020484 170% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.122277685488 0.128457276422 95% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.105459715457 0.0628817314937 168% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 14.3799401198 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 48.3550499002 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 12.197005988 91% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.29 12.5979740519 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.2 8.32208582834 99% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 98.500998004 74% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 12.3882235529 69% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 11.1389221557 90% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.9071856287 118% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 54.17 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 3.25 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.