The following opinion was provided in a letter to the editor of a national aeronautics magazine:
"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unamnned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
The author of the given letter proposes that more resources should be invested in unmanned space flights. This proposal is based on the author's argument that the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending people into space and also manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Here, the author has makes a hasty decision based on several unwarranted assumptions. The deficiency in the argument needs to be addressed before the author's proposal can be considered seriously.
Firstly, the author assumes that all manned space flights are costly and dangerous. Here, we need the data of costs of manned space flights and the dangers associated with them. We need to check how many manned space flights met with an accident while they were in use. It might be the case that only some of them are costly but very rare times accidents have happened with them. So, we need the data to address the assumption. We also need to know the quality of manned space probes because if they are costly then they might be more efficient than unmanned space probes.
Secondly, the author assumes that recent successes will follow in the future as well. We also need to know how many of the unmanned space probes were in use and their cost and how many of them gave success. This would help in understanding the use of unmanned space probes over manned. Also, the author assumes that all the unmanned space probes will result as a success. This may not be the case.
Lastly, the author has mentioned that unmanned space probes have demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without sending men and women into space. Can all the work in space be done without men and women? There can be some intricate tasks that can only be done by humans. Here, we would need a manned space flight. In such cases, spending more resources on unmanned space probes won't be helpful.
Hence, the author's proposal is not well thought through and is based on hurriedly made assumptions. The above factors need to be analyzed before the author's conclusion is put into practice, else any hasty decision may prove to be a waste of time and money.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.0 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 0 2
No. of Sentences: 22 15
No. of Words: 397 350
No. of Characters: 1852 1500
No. of Different Words: 160 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.464 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.665 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.314 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 123 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 81 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 56 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 27 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 18.045 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 9.716 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.591 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.352 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.543 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.164 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 137, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
... flights. This proposal is based on the authors argument that the recent success of a s...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 577, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...gument needs to be addressed before the authors proposal can be considered seriously. ...
^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 12, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...probes wont be helpful. Hence, the authors proposal is not well thought through an...
^^^^^^^
Line 17, column 150, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
... factors need to be analyzed before the authors conclusion is put into practice, else a...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, hence, if, lastly, may, second, secondly, so, then, well, while
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 24.0 19.6327345309 122% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 22.0 12.9520958084 170% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 11.1786427146 116% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 13.6137724551 73% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 28.0 28.8173652695 97% => OK
Preposition: 48.0 55.5748502994 86% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 16.3942115768 30% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1902.0 2260.96107784 84% => OK
No of words: 396.0 441.139720559 90% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.80303030303 5.12650576532 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.46091344257 4.56307096286 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.37182923522 2.78398813304 85% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 204.123752495 82% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.424242424242 0.468620217663 91% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 598.5 705.55239521 85% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.59920159681 94% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 4.96107784431 202% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.76447105788 103% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.67365269461 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 22.0 19.7664670659 111% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 22.8473053892 79% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 58.771936295 57.8364921388 102% => OK
Chars per sentence: 86.4545454545 119.503703932 72% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.0 23.324526521 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.09090909091 5.70786347227 72% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 5.25449101796 76% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 8.20758483034 97% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 6.88822355289 116% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.67664670659 128% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.253580181449 0.218282227539 116% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0947170605127 0.0743258471296 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0883607100827 0.0701772020484 126% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.152596604055 0.128457276422 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0796900376544 0.0628817314937 127% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.2 14.3799401198 71% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 48.3550499002 128% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 12.197005988 75% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.26 12.5979740519 81% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.0 8.32208582834 84% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 98.500998004 63% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 14.5 12.3882235529 117% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 11.1389221557 83% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.9071856287 84% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.