Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.
The argument claims that manned space flight is expensive and dangerous. It further states that recent unmanned space probes are effective in gathering an abundance of information without the costs and risks of sending people into space. The author of the argument then proposes to invest resources in unmanned space flight. Stated in this way, the argument makes several assumptions and fails to provide substantive evidence on the basis of which the claim could be evaluated. Hence, the argument is flawed.
Firstly, the author states that manned space flight is costly and risky. Though the claim may have merit, the author does not provide any evidence to support the same. Hence, it becomes difficult to consider the claim as a serious issue while evaluating the author's proposal to invest resources in unmanned space flight. It maybe the case that the author is influenced by incidents of the past, such as the failed Columbia missions which led to the death of all astronauts on board. In such as case, the author may need to refer to the recent developments of space technology. Space travel has seen massive strides for the past few decades, with NASA sending atronauts to space more frequently. The success to failure ratio maybe much higher today, thereby weakening the author's claim.
Furthermore, the author states that manned space flights are costly. Again, this argument needs supporting evidence for better evaluation. The author needs to analyse the cost of sending astronauts to space versus the cost of sending advanced machines. Astronauts are highly trained professionals adept in maths, science, physics among a plethora of STEM subjects. They are taught to handle spacecrafts, identify defects in vessels and correct them, make judgements like changing trajecotry of the ships in high risk situations. To make an advanced machine capable of performing the same tasks, we not only need to build highly efficient computers with huge memory capacity, we also need a crew of equipped personnel to constantly moniter them, and make judgements for subjective situations from the earth. In the end, an unmanned space probe may prove to be more time-consuming and expensive as well, making the author's claim unsubstantiated.
We also need to weigh the pros and cons of manned and unmanned missions. The author needs to further evaluate how judgements are made on whether a mission is to be manned or unmanned, or a combination of both. These two types of missions may have wildly different procedures and expectations of results. A manned space flight may not be necessary if the task is to simply evaluate the surface of a particular crater on the moon, which has been previously visited several times. However, when exploring into the realm of space where we have never been before, and where communication links from earth cannot be maintained at all times, astronauts who are equipped with dealing with the unknown are more suitable to help the mission, rather than a machine whose decision-making algorithms rely on pure mathematics and logical reasoning. Understanding the objective of the different types of missions will help the author broaden his horizons of thinking and make a more reasonable proposal.
In conclusion, the author of the claim makes several assumptions which makes his proposal to be highly fallacious. if the author is able to prove the above mentioned assumptions as invalid, he may be able to proffer a stronger case for his argument.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Sentence: Space travel has seen massive strides for the past few decades, with NASA sending atronauts to space more frequently.
Error: atronauts Suggestion: No alternate word
Sentence: They are taught to handle spacecrafts, identify defects in vessels and correct them, make judgements like changing trajecotry of the ships in high risk situations.
Error: trajecotry Suggestion: trajectory
Sentence: To make an advanced machine capable of performing the same tasks, we not only need to build highly efficient computers with huge memory capacity, we also need a crew of equipped personnel to constantly moniter them, and make judgements for subjective situations from the earth.
Error: moniter Suggestion: monitor
argument 1 -- OK
argument 2 -- OK
argument 3 -- OK
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also need to argue this:
Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. //a great deal of useful information is not equal to all information. Some information still need
manned space flight.
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 4.5 out of 6
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 3 2
No. of Sentences: 26 15
No. of Words: 567 350
No. of Characters: 2859 1500
No. of Different Words: 271 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.88 4.7
Average Word Length: 5.042 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.685 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 213 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 158 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 111 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 67 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 21.808 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 11.609 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.577 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.305 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.477 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.113 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 259, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...as a serious issue while evaluating the authors proposal to invest resources in unmanne...
^^^^^^^
Line 9, column 116, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: If
...s his proposal to be highly fallacious. if the author is able to prove the above m...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, firstly, furthermore, hence, however, if, may, so, then, well, while, in conclusion, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 23.0 19.6327345309 117% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 13.0 12.9520958084 100% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 11.1786427146 134% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 13.6137724551 103% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 28.8173652695 76% => OK
Preposition: 81.0 55.5748502994 146% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 16.3942115768 85% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2927.0 2260.96107784 129% => OK
No of words: 567.0 441.139720559 129% => OK
Chars per words: 5.16225749559 5.12650576532 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.87972968509 4.56307096286 107% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.75444583746 2.78398813304 99% => OK
Unique words: 278.0 204.123752495 136% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.490299823633 0.468620217663 105% => OK
syllable_count: 914.4 705.55239521 130% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 10.0 4.96107784431 202% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 14.0 8.76447105788 160% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 2.70958083832 111% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 4.22255489022 118% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 27.0 19.7664670659 137% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 22.8473053892 92% => OK
Sentence length SD: 65.4041775974 57.8364921388 113% => OK
Chars per sentence: 108.407407407 119.503703932 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0 23.324526521 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.88888888889 5.70786347227 68% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 5.25449101796 38% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 10.0 6.88822355289 145% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.67664670659 171% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.261203145473 0.218282227539 120% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0839789304442 0.0743258471296 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0951362932885 0.0701772020484 136% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.157111277426 0.128457276422 122% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0919768220054 0.0628817314937 146% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 14.3799401198 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 50.16 48.3550499002 104% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 7.1628742515 43% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 12.197005988 94% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.65 12.5979740519 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.74 8.32208582834 105% => OK
difficult_words: 146.0 98.500998004 148% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 12.3882235529 52% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 10.4 11.1389221557 93% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.