Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage.
In 1912 a beautifully illustrated handwritten book written on vellum was found by a bookseller named Wilfrid M. Voynich. So people usually call this book as the "Voynich manuscript". The passage mentions several theories have been proposed to explain the orgin of this book. But the lecture says that none of them is possible.
The first theory the passage gives to us is that Anthony Ascham, a physician and botanist in sixteenth-century has been identified as a possible author, as his plant illustrations are quite similar to those in the Voynich manuscript. However, the lecture points out that the Voynich manuscript can not fit what we know about Anthony. Anthony was only a common scientist, which means he did not need that kinds of secret code to write a document.
The passage also mentions that the Voynich manuscript can be a fake and has no meaning, since it is possible that Edward Kelley used this manuscript to sell to wealth nobles and extracted money from them. But the lecture points out that Edward did not need to make the manuscript so well. At that time, people was easy to fool, so he could obtain money from nobles using less complex books and have the same results.
At last, the passage mentions a theory that the manuscript is modern fake created by Wilfrid himself to sell the fake as a mysterious old book, since he had the knowledge of how to create a fake one. But the lecture says that with modern technonlogy, it's easy to check whether this book is fake or not by checking ink and vellum pages using by this book. And the test shows that ink and pages are true and can date back to 400 year ago, which means it's impossible for Wilfrid to get them.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, if, so, well
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 7.0 186% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 1.00243902439 599% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 12.0 6.8 176% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 3.15609756098 412% => Less relative clauses wanted (maybe 'which' is over used).
Pronoun: 30.0 5.60731707317 535% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 35.0 33.7804878049 104% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 3.97073170732 25% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1401.0 965.302439024 145% => OK
No of words: 300.0 196.424390244 153% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.67 4.92477711251 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.16179145029 3.73543355544 111% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61784262323 2.65546596893 99% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 106.607317073 148% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.526666666667 0.547539520022 96% => OK
syllable_count: 422.1 283.868780488 149% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.45097560976 96% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 1.53170731707 65% => OK
Article: 6.0 4.33902439024 138% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.07073170732 280% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 0.482926829268 828% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 5.0 3.36585365854 149% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 8.94146341463 145% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 22.4926829268 102% => OK
Sentence length SD: 53.012558521 43.030603864 123% => OK
Chars per sentence: 107.769230769 112.824112599 96% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.0769230769 22.9334400587 101% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.0 5.23603664747 57% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 3.83414634146 104% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 1.69756097561 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 3.70975609756 81% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 1.13902439024 351% => Less negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.09268292683 147% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0878004156823 0.215688989381 41% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0364422881619 0.103423049105 35% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0339232257906 0.0843802449381 40% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0559181596775 0.15604864568 36% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0088360555405 0.0819641961636 11% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.2329268293 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.05 61.2550243902 106% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 6.51609756098 48% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 10.3012195122 96% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.1 11.4140731707 88% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.67 8.06136585366 95% => OK
difficult_words: 55.0 40.7170731707 135% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 11.4329268293 74% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.9970731707 102% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.0658536585 90% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 67.4157303371 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 6.0 Out of 9
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.