Populations of the yellow cedar, a species of tree that is common in northwestern North America, have been steadily declining for more than a century now, since about 1880. Scientists have advanced several hypotheses to explain this decline.
One hypothesis is that the yellow cedar decline may be caused by insect parasites, specifically the cedar bark beetle. This beetle is known to attack cedar trees; the beetle larvae eat the wood. There have been recorded instances of sustained beetle attacks overwhelming and killing yellow cedars, so this insect is a good candidate for the cause of the tree’s decline.
A second hypothesis attributes the decline to brown bears. Bears sometimes claw at the cedars in order to eat the tree bark, which has a high sugar content. In fact, the cedar bark can contain as much sugar as the wild berries that are a staple of the bears’ diet. Although the bears’ clawing is unlikely to destroy trees by itself, their aggressive feeding habits may critically weaken enough trees to be responsible for the decline.
The third hypothesis states that gradual changes of climate may be to blame. Over the last hundred years, the patterns of seasonal as well as day-to-day temperatures have changed in northwestern North America. These changes have affected the root systems of the yellow cedar trees: the fine surface roots now start growing in the late winter rather than in the early spring. The change in the timing of root growth may have significant consequences. Growing roots are sensitive and are therefore likely to suffer damage from partial freezing on cold winter nights. This frozen root damage may be capable of undermining the health of the whole tree, eventually killing it.
The reading passage and lecture have conflicting opinions about the caused of the decline in yellow cedar populations in northwestern North America. The article strongly postulates that there are many assumptions presented in order to explain this decline. On the other hand, the listening adamantly delinates that the reason behind this decline isn't known yet. However, none of these theses presented is adequate.
First and foremost, according to the author of the excerpt, there is an insect called cedar bark bettle probably caused the delcine in yellow cedar. Furthermore, these insects attack the yellow cedar trees by eating the wood. Nonetheless, the lecture offsets these points by declaring that yellow cedar tree is much more resistant to insects attack. In other words, yellow cedar trees have powerful chemical in their wood that would kill insects. As a result, the yellow cedar tree can't suffer from insect damage.
The professor in the lecture further points out that brown bears can't be the main reason behind the decline owing to the fact that the population decline happened in overall population. Furthermore, there are yellow cedar tree exist in island where bears don't. However, there was decline in yellow cedar population in the island too. These claims refute the writer implication of how the brown beard contributed to the decline of yellow cedar trees by eating tree bark.
The article lastly asserts that climate changes affected their root system. therefore, the roots were frozen on cold nights because of the changing in the time of growing of fine surface roots. The speaker in lecture counters these points by declaring that there were trees in low and high elevations, meaning that there were warmer climates.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 347, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: isn't
...tes that the reason behind this decline isnt known yet. However, none of these these...
^^^^
Line 3, column 483, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...cts. As a result, the yellow cedar tree cant suffer from insect damage. The profe...
^^^^
Line 5, column 66, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...ure further points out that brown bears cant be the main reason behind the decline o...
^^^^
Line 5, column 256, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
... cedar tree exist in island where bears dont. However, there was decline in yellow c...
^^^^
Line 7, column 77, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Therefore
...ate changes affected their root system. therefore, the roots were frozen on cold nights b...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 344, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eaning that there were warmer climates.
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, furthermore, however, lastly, nonetheless, so, therefore, as a result, in other words, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 15.1003584229 66% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 9.8082437276 10% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 13.8261648746 29% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 10.0 11.0286738351 91% => OK
Pronoun: 18.0 43.0788530466 42% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 52.1666666667 73% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 8.0752688172 50% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1473.0 1977.66487455 74% => OK
No of words: 281.0 407.700716846 69% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.24199288256 4.8611393121 108% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09427095027 4.48103885553 91% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.39426944679 2.67179642975 90% => OK
Unique words: 149.0 212.727598566 70% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.53024911032 0.524837075471 101% => OK
syllable_count: 452.7 618.680645161 73% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.51630824373 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 9.59856630824 21% => OK
Article: 9.0 3.08781362007 291% => Less articles wanted as sentence beginning.
Subordination: 1.0 3.51792114695 28% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.86738351254 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 4.94265232975 61% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 20.6003584229 78% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 17.0 20.1344086022 84% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 36.5630876021 48.9658058833 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 92.0625 100.406767564 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5625 20.6045352989 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.25 5.45110844103 133% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.53405017921 88% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 5.5376344086 108% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 11.8709677419 42% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 3.85842293907 156% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.88709677419 102% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.247754338661 0.236089414692 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.087818361379 0.076458572812 115% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0718409230626 0.0737576698707 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.144660194949 0.150856017488 96% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0803872548934 0.0645574589148 125% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 11.7677419355 102% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 58.1214874552 93% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 6.10430107527 51% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 10.1575268817 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.82 10.9000537634 118% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.24 8.01818996416 103% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 86.8835125448 77% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.002688172 85% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.0537634409 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 10.247311828 88% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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We are expecting: No. of Words: 350 while No. of Different Words: 200
Better to have 5 paragraphs with 3 arguments. And try always support/against one side but compare two sides, like this:
para 1: introduction
para 2: reason 1. address both of the views presented for reason 1
para 3: reason 2. address both of the views presented for reason 2
para 4: reason 3. address both of the views presented for reason 3
para 5: conclusion.
So how to find out those reasons. There is a formula:
reasons == advantages or
reasons == disadvantages
for example, we can always apply 'save time', 'save/make money', 'find a job', 'make friends', 'get more information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
or we can apply 'waste time', 'waste money', 'no job', 'make bad friends', 'get bad information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.