Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns presented in the reading passage.
Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face. One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible. A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems. Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth’s magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The lecture challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage basically on these following points.
At very fist, to solve the problem of needed supplies, the professor brings up that a special kind of plants which are able to survive in the spaceship with no soil can perfectly manege the requirements of food, water, and oxygen. Due to the easily growing of the plants, astronauts are allowed to gain foods from cultivating them conveniently, what`s more, they also play a role in recycling water. Besides, as we all know plants absorb the carbon dioxide and release the oxygen, in this case, everything about supplies are solved.
Second, for the long time trip in zero-gravity environment, the professor argues that by well trained astronauts will not face this type of problem, because by learning to use proper equipment, regular exercise can reduce the lose of muscle mass, meanwhile some vitamin does help with lower bone density.
And for the last concerns about the space radiation, it turn out that the Sun only radiate is occasionally, not all the time, so that scientists can solve this problem through building less shield for the spaceship and stall a detective machine in it. When at normal time, astronauts are safe to work as usual, since the machine find the radiation, going back to the small shield to get cover. Then additional weight is avoided.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-11-03 | ShayesteTR | 60 | view |
| 2020-09-22 | rohamheidari | 70 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 13, Rule ID: MASS_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Possible agreement error - use third-person verb forms for singular and mass nouns: 'challenges'.
Suggestion: challenges
The lecture challenge the specific arguments presented in the...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 223, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
... equipment, regular exercise can reduce the lose of muscle mass, meanwhile some vitamin ...
^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 57, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'turns'?
Suggestion: turns
... concerns about the space radiation, it turn out that the Sun only radiate is occasi...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, if, second, so, then, well, while, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 15.1003584229 40% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 9.8082437276 41% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 13.8261648746 29% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 6.0 11.0286738351 54% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 43.0788530466 30% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 52.1666666667 65% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 8.0752688172 50% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1162.0 1977.66487455 59% => More number of characters wanted.
No of words: 231.0 407.700716846 57% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.0303030303 4.8611393121 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.89854898053 4.48103885553 87% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.62108968367 2.67179642975 98% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 212.727598566 74% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.679653679654 0.524837075471 129% => OK
syllable_count: 359.1 618.680645161 58% => syllable counts are too short.
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.51630824373 106% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 9.59856630824 21% => OK
Article: 3.0 3.08781362007 97% => OK
Subordination: 5.0 3.51792114695 142% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.86738351254 107% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 4.94265232975 81% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 20.6003584229 39% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 28.0 20.1344086022 139% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 80.6209301298 48.9658058833 165% => OK
Chars per sentence: 145.25 100.406767564 145% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.875 20.6045352989 140% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.125 5.45110844103 131% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.53405017921 88% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 5.5376344086 54% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 11.8709677419 34% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 3.85842293907 104% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.88709677419 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0573645801215 0.236089414692 24% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0296423208174 0.076458572812 39% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0577688222839 0.0737576698707 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0541054095982 0.150856017488 36% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0724885584905 0.0645574589148 112% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.7 11.7677419355 142% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.06 58.1214874552 74% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 6.10430107527 144% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 14.2 10.1575268817 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.49 10.9000537634 115% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.4 8.01818996416 117% => OK
difficult_words: 64.0 86.8835125448 74% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 13.5 10.002688172 135% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.0537634409 131% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 10.247311828 137% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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We are expecting: No. of Words: 350 while No. of Different Words: 200
Better to have 5 paragraphs with 3 arguments. And try always support/against one side but compare two sides, like this:
para 1: introduction
para 2: reason 1. address both of the views presented for reason 1
para 3: reason 2. address both of the views presented for reason 2
para 4: reason 3. address both of the views presented for reason 3
para 5: conclusion.
So how to find out those reasons. There is a formula:
reasons == advantages or
reasons == disadvantages
for example, we can always apply 'save time', 'save/make money', 'find a job', 'make friends', 'get more information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
or we can apply 'waste time', 'waste money', 'no job', 'make bad friends', 'get bad information' as reasons to all essay/speaking topics.
More content wanted.
Minimum 250 words wanted.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.