47-1
The reading discusses a paleontology question that whether large pterosaurs could fly. The writer regards that pterosaurs were unable to fly despite they have a wingspan over 12 meters. Contrary to what states in the article, the lecturer points out a contradictory idea that pterosaurs were capable of powered flight and demonstrates his point from three aspects.
To begin with, the writer infers that pterosaurs are cold-blooded just like modern reptiles, so pterosaurs cannot produce enough energy for flying. However, the professor has a different viewpoint. According to some recent studies, pterosaurs were proved to be warm-blooded animals as they have dense,hair-like fur which is often used by warm-blooded animals to maintain their body temperature. This obvious evidence indicates that pterosaurs could supply enough energy for powered flight.
In addition, the writer goes on to discuss the weight issue that pterosaurs might be too large to flap their wings fast. The professor, however, refutes it and points out another explanation. Pterosaurs is known for large body frams, but their bones are hollow and light which keeps the pterosaurs weight low. So they could possibly fly in the air by flapping their wings.
Furthermore, the professor states that pterosaurs are totally able to launch themselves into the air which challenges the standpoint made by the writer who says that pterosaurs' back leg muscles were too weak to take off from the ground. As pterosaurs walk on four limbs on the ground, they use all limbs to push off the ground too. This study indicates that pterosaurs could run fast enough or jump high enough by using all four limbs.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nstrates his point from three aspects. To begin with, the writer infers that pt...
^^^
Line 3, column 301, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , hair-like
... warm-blooded animals as they have dense,hair-like fur which is often used by warm-blooded...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...pply enough energy for powered flight. In addition, the writer goes on to discu...
^^^
Line 5, column 319, Rule ID: MAY_COULD_POSSIBLY[1]
Message: Use simply 'could'.
Suggestion: could
...eeps the pterosaurs weight low. So they could possibly fly in the air by flapping their wings....
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 6, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ly in the air by flapping their wings. Furthermore, the professor states that p...
^^^
Line 7, column 166, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ndpoint made by the writer who says that pterosaurs back leg muscles were too wea...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, furthermore, however, if, so, in addition, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1408.0 1373.03311258 103% => OK
No of words: 268.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.25373134328 5.08290768461 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04607285448 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.72789522183 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 156.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.582089552239 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 409.5 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 51.8878795174 49.2860985944 105% => OK
Chars per sentence: 100.571428571 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1428571429 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.35714285714 7.06452816374 62% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0 0.272083759551 0% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0 0.0996497079465 0% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0 0.162205337803 0% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0443174109184 0% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.17 12.2367328918 108% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.0 8.42419426049 95% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.