Antlers are extensions of the skull grown by members of the deer and antelope family. They are bone structures usually found in symmetrical pairs and, in most species, are only grown by the males of the species. Antlers have several functions such as fighting or attracting females. The following are three of the functions of antlers.
First, antlers can help with heat dissipation. The horns have been shown to contain vascular tissue and the large surface area of the antlers versus the amount of blood flowing through the tissues allows for the blood to cool before returning to the rest of the body.
Second, antlers are used as a defense against predators. Antlers are used in male-male fights it stands to reason that they would use them to defend against other threats. When cornered by a predator and forced to fight, the antlered animal can use them to fend off the attacking animal.
Finally, they are used to display their strength and fertility to the female members of their species and to compete with other males. Larger antlers mean that the male is strong and most likely very fertile. They are also used to compete against other males in displays of strength to win the females.
Summarize the point made in the lecture and explain how the speaker cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
The given paragraph depicts that antlers in deers have some specific functions such as fighting or attracting females, but speaker completely thwarts this idea. Speaker says that while some of the reasons are true, but not entirely correct.
The first reason specified in the passage is that antlers help with heat dissipation. Speaker completely denies this reason and explains that if heat dissipation was one of the reasons behind antlers, then they might stop growing after summer. Even deers living in hot regions might have smaller antlers as compared to the one's who live in colder regions. Hence, speaker explains that heat dissipation is completely obscured as being one of the reasons behind antlers.
The second reason stated in the given paragraph is that antlers are used as a defense mechanism against predators by male deers. This idea is challenged by the speaker by saying that if antlers are used for defense purposes, why do female not have them?. The only species of deers found with female antlers are rain-deers who have smaller antlers as compared with the other species. Deers mostly use their feet to kill their predators or run with large leaps in between to avoid being caught by predators. Hence, the given reason by paragraph is not enough to rule the function of antlers as opposed by the speaker.
The third reason stated in the paragraph is that antlers are used by male deers to compete with other male deers to display strength and fertility to female members. If the reason stated in the paragraph is true, then deers with smaller antlers must back down from competing, which is completely contradictory according to the speaker. Hence, antler size is not a factor that decides the status of male deers, indeed there are other one's such as singing as stated by speaker.
Therefore, the speaker opposes to the information which is provided in the given paragraph. While some of it might be valid, but speaker says that no proof exists to confirm its validity.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 186, Rule ID: SOME_OF_THE[1]
Message: Simply use 'some'.
Suggestion: some
...arts this idea. Speaker says that while some of the reasons are true, but not entirely corr...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, hence, if, second, so, then, therefore, third, while, such as
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 20.0 10.4613686534 191% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 19.0 22.412803532 85% => OK
Preposition: 47.0 30.3222958057 155% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1678.0 1373.03311258 122% => OK
No of words: 336.0 270.72406181 124% => OK
Chars per words: 4.99404761905 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.28139028586 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40658081847 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 154.0 145.348785872 106% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.458333333333 0.540411800872 85% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 504.0 419.366225166 120% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 21.0 21.2450331126 99% => OK
Sentence length SD: 27.7868561554 49.2860985944 56% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 104.875 110.228320801 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 21.0 21.698381199 97% => OK
Discourse Markers: 4.5625 7.06452816374 65% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.1836876752 0.272083759551 68% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0713762021728 0.0996497079465 72% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0649483367041 0.0662205650399 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.104242677904 0.162205337803 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0702912433696 0.0443174109184 159% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.6 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 58.62 53.8541721854 109% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.3 11.0289183223 93% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.66 12.2367328918 95% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.87 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 68.0 63.6247240618 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.4 10.498013245 99% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.