Archaeologists have recently found a fossil of a 150-million-year-old mammal known as Repenornamus robustus (R. robustus). Interestingly, the mammal's
stomach contained the remains of a psittacosaur dinosaur. Some researchers have therefore suggested that R. robustus was an active hunter of dinosaurs. However,
a closer analysis has made the hypothesis that R. robustus was an active hunter unlikely. It was probably Just a scavenger that sometimes fed on dinosaur eggs
containing unhatched dinosaurs.
First, R. robustus, like most mammals living 150 million years ago, was small— only about the size of a domestic cat. It was much smaller than psittacosaurs,
which were almost two meters tall when full grown. Given this size difference, it is unlikely that R. robustus would have been able to successfully hunt psittacosaurs
or similar dinosaurs.
Second, the legs of R. robustus appear much more suited for scavenging than hunting: they were short and positioned somewhat to the side rather than
directly underneath the animal. These features suggest that R. robustus did not chase after prey. Psittacosaurs—the type of dinosaur found in the stomach of
R. robustus—were fast moving. It is unlikely that they would have been caught by such short-legged animals.
Third, the dinosaur bones inside the stomach of the R. robustus provide no evidence to support the idea that the dinosaur had been actively hunted. When an animal has been hunted and eaten by another animal, there are usually teeth marks on the bones of the animal that was eaten. But the bones of the psittacosaur
inside the R. robustus stomach do not have teeth marks. This suggests that R. robustus found an unguarded dinosaur nest with eggs and simply swallowed an
egg with the small psittacosaur still inside the eggshell.
Both the reading passage and the lecture talks about Repenomamus robustus patterns to eat food and how that relates to either it hunted other dinosaurs or scavenged them. The former talks about three reasons why R. robustus was a scavenger and not a hunter, but the latter challenges all three reasons.
First of all, the passage mentions that robustus was small moreover, the passage compares it's size to a domestic cat. robustus was small as compared to psittacosaurs, which when fully grow, was about two meters tall, therefore couldn't be hunted by R. robustus. However, the professor in the lecture contends that robustus could have hunted baby psittacosaurs as predators hunt on prey, which they are twice the size of. According to the professor robustus would have hunted psittacosaurs when they were a baby.
Second of all, the passage talks about the small length and the peculiar position of the legs of robustus that were positioned to side instead of under them. On the other hand, the professor in the lecture argues that the length and position of the leg does not matter and give the example of modern day tasmanian devil that has similar legs to robustus and can run fast and can reach to the speed of 15 km per hour and is very active and successful hunter of today. According to the professor, if they current tasmanian devil can hunt then the 159 million years old dinosaur could do it without doubt.
Finally, the passage mentions that if robustus hunted the animal then there should be teeth marks on the bones of psittacosaurs found from the stomach of robustus, but it doesn't show any such marks. Nevertheless, like the other two reasons, the professor disagree with this and says that the passage has not thoroughly researched about robustus, because there have been research that has mentioned that robustus didn't use their back teeth to swallow and use to eat big pieces that is the reason of no teeth marks on psittacosaurs in the stomach.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 119, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Robustus
...ge compares its size to a domestic cat. robustus was small as compared to psittacosaurs,...
^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 228, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: couldn't
...w, was about two meters tall, therefore couldnt be hunted by R. robustus. However, the ...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 172, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...nd from the stomach of robustus, but it doesnt show any such marks. Nevertheless, like...
^^^^^^
Line 7, column 413, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: didn't
...search that has mentioned that robustus didnt use their back teeth to swallow and use...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 455, Rule ID: USE_TO_VERB[1]
Message: Did you mean 'used'?
Suggestion: used
...dnt use their back teeth to swallow and use to eat big pieces that is the reason of...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, first, however, if, moreover, nevertheless, second, so, then, therefore, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 7.30242825607 205% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 22.0 22.412803532 98% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1638.0 1373.03311258 119% => OK
No of words: 337.0 270.72406181 124% => OK
Chars per words: 4.86053412463 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.28457229495 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49906250858 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 174.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.516320474777 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 486.9 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 28.0 21.2450331126 132% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 84.259643365 49.2860985944 171% => OK
Chars per sentence: 136.5 110.228320801 124% => OK
Words per sentence: 28.0833333333 21.698381199 129% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.83333333333 7.06452816374 139% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.207605815726 0.272083759551 76% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0799797493461 0.0996497079465 80% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0484829281036 0.0662205650399 73% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.124595279324 0.162205337803 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0512412777353 0.0443174109184 116% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.5 13.3589403974 116% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 59.98 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.8 11.0289183223 107% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.2 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.88 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 13.2 10.498013245 126% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.