the capability of Pterosaurs for powered flight
The reading and the lecture are both about the capability of Pterosaurs for powered flight. The author of the reading feels that there are several arguments against powered flight. The lecturer challenges the claims made by the author. He is of the opinion that Pterosaurs were capable of powered flight.
To begin with, the author argues that ancient reptiles such as Pterosaurs like modern reptiles are probably cold-blooded. Since powered flight is an activity which requires a lot of energy, cold-blooded animals like Pterosaurs would not have the ability to do that. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. She claims that some recent research reveals that the Pterosaurs' body were covered by dense hair or far to maintain their body temperature high like warm-blooded animals. So, they have been able to generate enough energy to fly.
Secondly, In the article, it is stated that since Pterosaurs were as large as a giraffe, they were probably so heavy to be able to fly. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that. Pterosaurs were unusually light because their bones were hollow. Therefore, they were light enough to fly.
Finally, the author posits that all animal with powered flight have the ability to take off from the ground. It is said that since Pterosaurs had too small and weak back leg muscles they could not capable to take off. In contrasts, the lecturer' s position is that Pterosaurs unlike birds used all four their leg. As a result, this four legs allows them to run fast enough or jump high enough to launch themselves into the air.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 182, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
...veral arguments against powered flight. The lecturer challenges the claims made by ...
^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, finally, however, if, second, secondly, so, therefore, in contrast, such as, as a result, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1325.0 1373.03311258 97% => OK
No of words: 266.0 270.72406181 98% => OK
Chars per words: 4.98120300752 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.03850299372 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48749771136 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 148.0 145.348785872 102% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.556390977444 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 411.3 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 9.0 3.25607064018 276% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 15.0 21.2450331126 71% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 35.9278400211 49.2860985944 73% => OK
Chars per sentence: 77.9411764706 110.228320801 71% => OK
Words per sentence: 15.6470588235 21.698381199 72% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.35294117647 7.06452816374 90% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 7.0 4.27373068433 164% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.360828611862 0.272083759551 133% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.12442852678 0.0996497079465 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.175900763771 0.0662205650399 266% => The coherence between sentences is low.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.236779528658 0.162205337803 146% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.196889364391 0.0443174109184 444% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.9 13.3589403974 74% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 64.71 53.8541721854 120% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.0 11.0289183223 73% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.31 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.76 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.0 10.498013245 76% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 65.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 19.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.