At the end of the Triassic period 200 million years ago, there was a mass-extinction event that caused the extinction of more than half of all living species. It was this extinction event that allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant species for the next 145 million years. We do not know exactly what happened that eliminated so many species in a relatively short period of time, but there are several possible explanations. One theory involves the decline of sea levels. Near the end of the Triassic period, sea levels were fluctuating. When sea levels fall, the habitats for ocean populations that live in the shallows and land species that live on the coast are destroyed. The destruction of coastal and shallow-ocean species would have had a profound effect on food chains worldwide, leading to mass extinctions. Another theory involves massive climate cooling. The end of the Triassic period was marked by widespread volcanic activity. The volcanoes released large amounts of sulfur dioxide (S02). A rise in atmospheric S02 is known to cause a lowering in global temperatures. Such climate change could have devastated many species and led to the extinctions. The third theory involves an asteroid strike. Asteroids (objects from outer space) occasionally collide with Earth. When an asteroid hits Earth’s surface, it often displaces large amounts of soil and crushed rock, leaving behind a depression, or crater. The displaced debris is thrown up into the atmosphere where it can block out sunlight for many months or even a few years. A sufficiently massive asteroid impact at the end of the Triassic period may have blocked sunlight long enough for most plants to die and many animal species to then starve.
The article and the lecture both discuss reasons of mass-extinction and domination of dinosaurs on the earth at the Triassic period. The reading material proposes three different explanations to justify that big happening. On the other hand, the lecturer believes that even though those theories may be plausible, none of them is a good explanation and challenges all the reasons.
First, the author suggests that the sea level water decline at the end of the Triassic could affect the ocean and shallow water’s animals massively. Then, this effect reflected in the chain food network and caused enormous extinction. However, the professor challenges this theory by explaining that this fluctuation has happened in a long period of time and gave the animal enough time to adopt the new circumstance. She adds that this change must happen in a short period of time and faster to cause that massive extinction.
Second, the article claims that massive global temperature declining happened after a series of volcanic activity at that time. Volcanoes released a huge amount of SO2 gas, which caused the global cooling. Conversely, the lecturer opposes this idea by saying that SO2 could not stay in atmosphere for a long time since it combined with the rainwater and rinsed from the air. Then, it could not be the reason of cooling and extinction.
Third, the passage avers that asteroid strike can be another plausible explanation for this colossal extinction. Since an asteroid strike provided a huge amount of dust, which shield the earth from sun light, prohibited the growth of living organism and led to a massive extinction. The professor, however, rebuts this theory by saying that there is not any sign of this strike and the only evidence of a strike come back to 12 million years before this extinction. As a result, the asteroid’s strike could not cause this massive extinction.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...nation and challenges all the reasons. First, the author suggests that the sea ...
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Line 2, column 345, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...this fluctuation has happened in a long period of time and gave the animal enough time to adop...
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Line 2, column 472, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...that this change must happen in a short period of time and faster to cause that massive extinc...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...ster to cause that massive extinction. Second, the article claims that massive ...
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Line 3, column 134, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...eries of volcanic activity at that time. Volcanoes released a huge amount of SO2 ...
^^
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Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... the reason of cooling and extinction. Third, the passage avers that asteroid s...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, first, however, if, may, second, so, then, third, as a result, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 5.0 10.4613686534 48% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 11.0 7.30242825607 151% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 5.01324503311 279% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1614.0 1373.03311258 118% => OK
No of words: 314.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14012738854 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20951839842 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.7178352159 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 173.0 145.348785872 119% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.550955414013 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 479.7 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 45.6906188737 49.2860985944 93% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.285714286 110.228320801 105% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.4285714286 21.698381199 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.92857142857 7.06452816374 98% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.1484448456 0.272083759551 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0538021190189 0.0996497079465 54% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0575893922626 0.0662205650399 87% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0876079714782 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0334403882794 0.0443174109184 75% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.0 13.3589403974 105% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.83 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.6 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 77.0 63.6247240618 121% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.