Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors.
Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death
One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water—so called “elephant graveyards”—to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants.
Representing Objects through Art
Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them.
Fear of Mice
Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
The article and the lecture are mainly discussed about the elephants' behaviors. The article emphasizes on three surprising elephant behaviors. However, the professor in the article refutes them by providing explanations as following.
First of all, the article states that the elephants have the awareness of death, which can be demonstrated by the evidence that the phenomenon of elephant graveyards. Nevertheless, the professor disagrees this point by mentioning the crewing difficulty for the elderly elephants. Furthermore, the elderly elephants move to site near water to search more softer vegetable to eat rather than being aware of the death.
Second, the author of the article believes that the elephants have artistic ability based on the paintings which draw by the elephants. On the other hand, the professor refutes this misunderstanding by predicting that the elephants are well trained, and the trainers control the elephants by touching their sensitive ears. As the result, the paintings with flowers do not imply the artistic ability from elephants, there are only the result from training.
Third, it is believed by the author that elephants have the fear of mice. Hence, the elephants backed away from the mice. But the professor disagrees by suggesting the possibility that the elephants are no familiar with mice. Thus the elephants keep a certain distance from the mice to observe them first.
In conclusion, the article provides three unwarranted assumption for elephants, which are the awareness of death, the artistic ability of art, and the fear of mice. And the professor refutes them by giving further explanations.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 350, Rule ID: MOST_COMPARATIVE[2]
Message: Use only 'softer' (without 'more') when you use the comparative.
Suggestion: softer
...hants move to site near water to search more softer vegetable to eat rather than being awar...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 227, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...he elephants are no familiar with mice. Thus the elephants keep a certain distance f...
^^^^
Line 9, column 55, Rule ID: CD_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun 'assumption' seems to be countable, so consider using: 'assumptions'.
Suggestion: assumptions
... the article provides three unwarranted assumption for elephants, which are the awareness ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, nevertheless, second, so, third, thus, well, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 13.0 22.412803532 58% => OK
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1399.0 1373.03311258 102% => OK
No of words: 257.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.44357976654 5.08290768461 107% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00390054096 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.8793038165 2.5805825403 112% => OK
Unique words: 128.0 145.348785872 88% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.498054474708 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 430.2 419.366225166 103% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 41.5060905839 49.2860985944 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 93.2666666667 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.1333333333 21.698381199 79% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.06666666667 7.06452816374 128% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.167720465983 0.272083759551 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0692009236425 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0556574698624 0.0662205650399 84% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0949621987859 0.162205337803 59% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0522955486207 0.0443174109184 118% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.8 13.3589403974 96% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.76 53.8541721854 85% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.98 12.2367328918 114% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.23 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.