Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold,arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable,especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.
First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis.Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.
Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration.The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.
Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
The reading claim that there is a kind of dinosaur that lived in Alaska's north slope one million years ago which called Edmontosaurus. Since this region is extremely cold, Paleontologist suggested that this kind of dinosaur migrated to the south in order to survive the winter. However, the lecturer finds all the ideas dubious and presents some evidence to refute them all.
The author argues that Edmontosaurus eat food as their main diet. And since plants can't survive in such environment, these dinosaurs had to migrate to areas that were more suitable for growing plants. Conversely, the lecturer brings up the idea that one million years ago, Alaska's north slope was warmer and it has 24 hours sunshine in summer, so it was a great environment for plants to grow. And then in winter, there was plenty of dead plants for them to eat as food.
Furthermore, the reading passage holds the view that Edmontosaurus lived in herd because their skeletons have been found in the same area. On the contrary, the professor underlines the fact that this doesn't mean that they migrate. There are a lot of reasons why animals live in herd. For instance, maybe they lived in herd for extra protection. Also, she gave an example from a modern animal which is a plant eater and lives in herd bud does not migrate.
Finally, the reading asserts that Edmontosaurus could migrate long distance and run very fast long way because of their body shape. In contrast, the speaker dismisses this issue due to the fact that not all of them were adult and did not have that feature. The ones who were still young would never reach the destination and the herd had to stay.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 23, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...efute them all. The author argues that Edmontosaurus eat food as their main die...
^^
Line 3, column 85, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...od as their main diet. And since plants cant survive in such environment, these dino...
^^^^
Line 5, column 201, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: doesn't
...professor underlines the fact that this doesnt mean that they migrate. There are a lot...
^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, conversely, finally, furthermore, however, may, so, still, then, for instance, in contrast, kind of, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 28.0 22.412803532 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1372.0 1373.03311258 100% => OK
No of words: 288.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 4.76388888889 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11953428781 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.43654025107 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 168.0 145.348785872 116% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.583333333333 0.540411800872 108% => OK
syllable_count: 417.6 419.366225166 100% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 36.7504497327 49.2860985944 75% => OK
Chars per sentence: 91.4666666667 110.228320801 83% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.2 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.13333333333 7.06452816374 115% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.178263184649 0.272083759551 66% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0532511569488 0.0996497079465 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0780538757953 0.0662205650399 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.107197766481 0.162205337803 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0751564428991 0.0443174109184 170% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.6 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.33 12.2367328918 84% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.76 8.42419426049 92% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.