Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska's North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis. First, the edmontosaur's diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurs fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food. Second, many edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that edmonotsaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis. Finally, edmonosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which is certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winters.
The reading passage argues that a species of dinosaurs must have migrated south in the winter to avoid the harsh conditions on the North slope. However, the speaker in the lecture refutes the claims made in the article. She mentions that the three arguments are unconvincing.
First of all, the author holds that the edmonosaurs were exclusively herbivores, which means they fed only on plants. According to the article, since no plants grew on the North slope in the dark cold winter, they must have migrated south to find food. Conversely, the lecturer challenges this point of view. She posits that In the summer, the sunshine was on the North slope 24 hours per day, which would have created perfect conditions for plant growth. She further elaborates that those plants which would have been dead by the winter could have served as a highly nutritious source for Edmonosaurs. Hence, these dinosaurs would not have had to migrate as they would have been able to feed on dead vegetation.
Secondly, the writer assumes living in herds proves that Edmonosaurs had a migratory pattern. In contrast, the lecturer brings the fact that other reasons exist for animals to live in herds. For example, a herd provides extra protection against predators. In addition, the lecture illustrates that other animals live in herds but do not migrate, such as this kind of elk that lives west of the United States.
Lastly, the excerpt postulates that this type of dinosaurs had the necessary physical capabilities required to travel long distances to reach warmer climates. Nevertheless, The lecturer points out that this could have been true only for adult animals. On the contrary, juveniles would not have had this physical capacity to withstand long trips, which would have slowed down the herd because they would not have left their young falling behind. Consequently, this hypothesis does not seem feasible.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 9, column 410, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...k that lives west of the United States. Lastly, the excerpt postulates that this...
^^^^^^^
Line 13, column 500, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...this hypothesis does not seem feasible.
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, conversely, first, hence, however, lastly, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, for example, in addition, in contrast, kind of, such as, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 1.0 7.30242825607 14% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1605.0 1373.03311258 117% => OK
No of words: 313.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12779552716 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20616286096 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53149278806 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 176.0 145.348785872 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.562300319489 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 472.5 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 40.9749691505 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.4117647059 110.228320801 86% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4117647059 21.698381199 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.8235294118 7.06452816374 153% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.122348287099 0.272083759551 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.03760104033 0.0996497079465 38% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0426302737471 0.0662205650399 64% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0734757620762 0.162205337803 45% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0488459195015 0.0443174109184 110% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.47 12.2367328918 102% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.41 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 77.0 63.6247240618 121% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.