The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientist have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
The reading passage claims that little ice age was occurred in the period of unusually cold temperature in many part of the world. Scientists have proposed several possible events what induce the little ice age. However, the professor brings up the ideas unbelievable and presents some proof to reject all of them.
First of all, the reading passage argues that the disruption of golf stream cause the little ice age. Conversely, the professor illustrates the fact in the listening that the disrupting of gulf stream is true and covered in the Europe and United Stated which cause little ice age. In addition little ice age occurred in the northern hemisphere such as new zeland. These events cannot explain cause of little ice age.
Second of all, the author of the reading passage states the fact that another possible dealing cause of little ice age was volcanic eruption. On the other hand, the lecture highlights the fact that the volcanic eruption is true but it's not enough to atmosphere in order to cooler climate. There is visual effect. For instance, colorful sun not report and what happened in the little ice age? The volcanic eruption is not strong enough proof to lower the temperature.
Finally, the reading passage asserts the fact that the human populations cause another effect on little ice age. In contrast, the professor explains the fact that human cannot stop the amount of the carbon dioxide release on the atmosphere because of not enough time. Moreover, human cut down the forests and clear it. As a result, in the reading passage are mentioned the forests not long enough proof to support this matter induces to cooler climate. Thus, human population cannot influence to the little ice age.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 108, Rule ID: MANY_NN[1]
Message: Possible agreement error. The noun part seems to be countable; consider using: 'many parts'.
Suggestion: many parts
...period of unusually cold temperature in many part of the world. Scientists have proposed ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 285, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[2]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: addition,
...d Stated which cause little ice age. In addition little ice age occurred in the northern...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, however, moreover, second, so, thus, for instance, in addition, in contrast, such as, as a result, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => OK
Pronoun: 12.0 22.412803532 54% => OK
Preposition: 34.0 30.3222958057 112% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1440.0 1373.03311258 105% => OK
No of words: 289.0 270.72406181 107% => OK
Chars per words: 4.98269896194 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.12310562562 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.3819904336 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 138.0 145.348785872 95% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.477508650519 0.540411800872 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 458.1 419.366225166 109% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Interrogative: 0.0 0.116997792494 0% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.2993125608 49.2860985944 84% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.7058823529 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.0 21.698381199 78% => OK
Discourse Markers: 9.58823529412 7.06452816374 136% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.233529909915 0.272083759551 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0859477834675 0.0996497079465 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0972788800443 0.0662205650399 147% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.164437463806 0.162205337803 101% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0964092220938 0.0443174109184 218% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.5 13.3589403974 79% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 54.22 53.8541721854 101% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.31 12.2367328918 92% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.87 8.42419426049 93% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.