In this set of materials, the reading passage states that humpback whales migrate long distances and use stars for navigation. However, the lecturer asserts that this idea is fascinating but the evidence explored in passage is not convincing, so he refutes them all.
First of all, it is mentioned in the article that whales seem intelligent enough to use stars to navigate by. In contrast, the professor claims that this kind of navigation does not need brain with high level of complexity and some animals with moderate intelligence do it. He provides an example of dock to illustrate it. Dock can find his way by looking at sky and it is because of instinct ability it is born with which is irrelevant to its brain functionality. Therefore, intelligence and navigation via stars are not connected.
Furthermore, the passage argues that since humpback whales move in straight lines, they must orient themselves by some external object or forces. On the contrary, the lecturer explains that the external force for whales is magnetic fields of the earth which makes animal enable to orient themselves and find their ways. Hence, the external object is not necessarily something that is stated in the article.
Finally, the reading passage contends that whales' heads are upward during migration which means they are seeking assistance from sky to search the direction. Conversely, the professor believes that this behavior is not unique for whales and shark do the same, while they do not migrate by star navigation. There are some other explanations for sky-hopping such as looking for hunt. Moreover, they look at sky even during the day when there is no star above their heads. In fact, their behavior is only for speculation.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, conversely, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, look, moreover, so, therefore, while, in contrast, in fact, kind of, such as, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 32.0 22.412803532 143% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 35.0 30.3222958057 115% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1452.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 286.0 270.72406181 106% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07692307692 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.11236361783 4.04702891845 102% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70563407873 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.555944055944 0.540411800872 103% => OK
syllable_count: 450.9 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 41.0357026123 49.2860985944 83% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.8 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.0666666667 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.2666666667 7.06452816374 159% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.160021100473 0.272083759551 59% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0520784968488 0.0996497079465 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.060902587244 0.0662205650399 92% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0966347084841 0.162205337803 60% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0419058906368 0.0443174109184 95% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.0 13.3589403974 90% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.28 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 67.0 63.6247240618 105% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.