Most people credit Columbus with the "discovery" of America. However, recent evidence suggests that Columbus didn't really discover America, but merely opened the doors to America for Europe. Today, researchers agree that the Vikings actually reached the North American lands and even established settlements there five hundred years before Columbus.
According to Icelandic sagas, the Vikings reached North America by sailing from their settlements in Greenland. These settlements were home to over half a million people who lived in prosperous cities along the coast in the 980s. It was these hardy people who began to explore further lands in the West. Being experienced sailors, they were able to reach the North American coast and discover a wonderful place with abundant plantations of wild grapes which they called “Vinland,” known today as Newfoundland.
Well known archaeological evidence in L'Anse aux Meadows, near Newfoundland, Canada proves that Vikings actually lived in North America five centuries before the first Europeans arrived. Remains of nine Viking houses were found by Norwegian archaeologists Helge and Anne Ingstad. They acknowledged that the houses were similar to Norse homes in the past. The houses were made of wooden frames covered with sod. This made the structure firmer and sod also served as a natural insulator, letting grass grow on the roof, which is a staple of Viking architectural design.
The existence of Vikings settlements in North America was also proven by the discovery of the Kensington Runestone in 1898 in the same region of Newfoundland. Runestones are stones covered with runic inscriptions. Runes, or runic alphabets, were used in Scandinavia before the adoption of Latin. Almost identical bedrocks with the same inscriptions were found in Scandinavia and date to the 10th century, around the same time of the establishment of these settlements in Newfoundland.
Recently, there has been a ton of debate as to Vikings entry into Northern American lands before Columbus has reached. More specifically, in regards to the passages, the writer puts forth the idea that vikings have reached Northern America 500 years ago. In the listening passage, the lecturer is quick to point out that there are some serious flaws in the writer's claims. In fact, the professor believes that it is not scientifically or archeologically proven and addresses in detail, the trouble with each point made in the reading text.
First and foremost, the author of the reading states that Vikings have arrived North America by sailing from Greenland. Some professionals in the same field, however, stand in firm opposition to this claim. In the listening, for example, the professor states that even though vikings were skillful sailors, there was no evidence that Vinland was known as Newfoundland.
One group of scholars, represented by the writer think that vikings could have arrived North America five centuries before the Europeans arrived . Of course, though, not all experts in the same field believe this is accurate. Again, the speaker specifically addresses this point when he states that houses could have been from Norse origin. He also says that finding few similar houses does not support that they had lived there.
Finally, the author wraps his arguments by positing that the invention of Kensington Runestone clearly suggests that vikings have settled in North America. Not surprisingly, the lecturer takes issue with this claim by contending that Runestones were not real stones but they could have been carvings made in the 19th century.
To sum up, both the writer and professor hold conflicting views about the arrival of Vikings before Columbus into North America. It's clear that they will have trouble finding common ground on this issue.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 139, Rule ID: IN_REGARD_TO[1]
Message: Use simply 'regarding' or 'with regard to'.
Suggestion: regarding; with regard to
...olumbus has reached. More specifically, in regards to the passages, the writer puts forth the...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 102, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...vikings could have arrived North America five centuries before the Europeans arri...
^^
Line 3, column 147, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...e centuries before the Europeans arrived . Of course, though, not all experts in t...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, so, as to, for example, in fact, of course, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 27.0 22.412803532 120% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 3.0 5.01324503311 60% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1573.0 1373.03311258 115% => OK
No of words: 303.0 270.72406181 112% => OK
Chars per words: 5.19141914191 5.08290768461 102% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.17215713816 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.54456258248 2.5805825403 99% => OK
Unique words: 175.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.577557755776 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 471.6 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 30.9293100832 49.2860985944 63% => OK
Chars per sentence: 104.866666667 110.228320801 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.2 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.2 7.06452816374 88% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.142593288583 0.272083759551 52% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0475317514101 0.0996497079465 48% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0461250216648 0.0662205650399 70% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.085890917248 0.162205337803 53% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0233671759599 0.0443174109184 53% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.1 13.3589403974 98% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.82 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.48 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.