One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
The reading passage is about the advantages of fuel-cell engines over the internal-combustion engines.The lecturer, however disagrees the points made in the reading passage. Although she agrees that internal-combustion engine produces more pollution, and harmful to environment, she thinks that fuel -cell engine do also have some disadvantages.
Firstly, the author of reading suggest that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resource of hydrogen whereas, combustion based engines needs petroleum which is easily depleting. The lecturer rebuts this argument . She mentions that even though hydrogen is freely available in environment, the form of hydrogen needed in fuel-cell engine is not freely available. It needs a pure liquid state of hydrogen, which is an artificial form. She also states that it is very difficult to produce and store this form of hydrogen as it needs elaborate cooling of about -253 degree Celsius.
Secondly, the authors points out that the by product of fuel -cell engine is water which is not harmful to the environment. This point is challenged by the lecturer. She states that even though the by product is harmless, the way of manufacturing pure hydrogen involves burning of coal and fuel in factories, thus exhausting a lot of harmful fumes to environment.
Thirdly, the author posits that fuel-cell engines are more economical than combustion based vehicle. The lecturer, on the other hand, says that this is not true because there is a platinum component in fuel-cell engine which is very expensive. This metal is very crucial for the chemical reaction to take place in the machine.. There is no replacement of platinum yet found, so it is going to be expensive.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-11-02 | divyajose7@yahoo.com | 76 | view |
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Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 103, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...es over the internal-combustion engines.The lecturer, however disagrees the points ...
^^^
Line 1, column 226, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...e agrees that internal-combustion engine produces more pollution, and harmful to ...
^^
Line 3, column 230, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Don't put a space before the full stop
Suggestion: .
...eting. The lecturer rebuts this argument . She mentions that even though hydrogen ...
^^
Line 7, column 326, Rule ID: DOUBLE_PUNCTUATION
Message: Two consecutive dots
Suggestion: .
...al reaction to take place in the machine.. There is no replacement of platinum yet...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, firstly, however, if, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly, thus, whereas, in fact, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 0.0 5.04856512141 0% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 32.0 30.3222958057 106% => OK
Nominalization: 12.0 5.01324503311 239% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1452.0 1373.03311258 106% => OK
No of words: 272.0 270.72406181 100% => OK
Chars per words: 5.33823529412 5.08290768461 105% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.06108636974 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.0166786702 2.5805825403 117% => OK
Unique words: 141.0 145.348785872 97% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.518382352941 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 452.7 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 52.3282418772 49.2860985944 106% => OK
Chars per sentence: 103.714285714 110.228320801 94% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.4285714286 21.698381199 90% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.5 7.06452816374 120% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.309403107783 0.272083759551 114% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.107266998136 0.0996497079465 108% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0809463514655 0.0662205650399 122% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.189705785513 0.162205337803 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0550447032661 0.0443174109184 124% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.4 13.3589403974 100% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 43.73 53.8541721854 81% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.69 12.2367328918 112% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.7 8.42419426049 103% => OK
difficult_words: 71.0 63.6247240618 112% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 12.0 10.7273730684 112% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.