Pterosaurs powered flights
The article and the lecture are both about the method that Pterosaurs used to fly. The author of the reading believes that Pterosaurs could only glide their wings instead of flapping. Nevertheless, the lecturer refutes the statements made by the writer. She is of the opinion that that reptiles were fitted for powered flight.
First of all, the author suggests that Pterosaurs were cold-blooded like modern reptiles, hence having a slow metabolism. It is mentioned that this prevents them from producing enough energy required for powered flight. This argument is challenged by the lecturer. She says that study of Pterosaurs' fossils reveals that they have hairline covering, which are similar the furs typical of warm-blooded animals, allowing them to keep their body temperature constant in the cold. Therefore, if Pterosaurs can have similar metabolism like warm-blooded animals that gives the sufficient energy to flap their wings.
Second, the writer contends that Pterosaurs' weight surpassed the limit allowed to be kept airborne for powered flight. However, the lecturer, rebuts this point by asserting that their anatomical features make them relatively light compared to their size. Their bones are not solid but hollow, consequently make their weight low enough so that the flapping wings wer able to maintain the whole body in the air.
Finally, it is stated in the passage that Pterosaurs' back legs are not powerful enough for a launch from the ground to the air. By contrast, the lecturer, posits that this is only required by birds, which walk on the ground by two limbs and as a result, have two limbs to push themselves off. On the contrary, Pterosaurs used four limbs to walk. She puts forth the idea that they are more similar to modern flying animals which use four limbs to walk and push their bodies off the ground and do not need much muscles in their back legs. According to the speaker, even the biggest Pterosaurs can jump high or fast enough for the take-off.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 7, column 505, Rule ID: MUCH_COUNTABLE[1]
Message: Use 'many' with countable nouns.
Suggestion: many
...r bodies off the ground and do not need much muscles in their back legs. According t...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, consequently, finally, first, hence, however, if, nevertheless, second, so, therefore, as a result, first of all, on the contrary
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 39.0 22.412803532 174% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1666.0 1373.03311258 121% => OK
No of words: 330.0 270.72406181 122% => OK
Chars per words: 5.04848484848 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.26214759535 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50209095295 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 176.0 145.348785872 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.533333333333 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 492.3 419.366225166 117% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 7.0 3.25607064018 215% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.9048205271 49.2860985944 91% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.0 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.4117647059 21.698381199 89% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.88235294118 7.06452816374 112% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 11.0 4.27373068433 257% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.286672512594 0.272083759551 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.100626790278 0.0996497079465 101% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.102440528582 0.0662205650399 155% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.191929548003 0.162205337803 118% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0588850262381 0.0443174109184 133% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.1 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 60.65 53.8541721854 113% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.5 11.0289183223 86% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.01 12.2367328918 98% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.31 8.42419426049 99% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.