Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
The article is about a painting known as "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" which casts doubts whether it should be attributed to Rembrandt or not. The author provides three points of support. However, the lecturer says that the pigments of the painting were analysed and confirmed that this painting belongs to Rembrandt and contradicts each of the author's points.
First, the lecturer explained that the examination of the painting concluded that the fur coat the woman was wearing in the painting was painted over the top of the painting about a 100 years after the painting was made. She says that this was probably done to make the woman look like an aristocratic lady. This directly refutes the point made in the reading passage that there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait dressed.
Second, the lecturer says that, as the woman in the original painting was not wearing the fur coat, simply colored light illuminates the face of the woman. Again, this contradicts the point stated in the reading passage that the face in the painting must appear partially in shadow.
Third, the lecturer says that the original painting was enlarged on the sides when the fur coat was added, to make the painting look more grand and valuable. She also says that the original painting was painted on a panel made from the same tree as another one, his self portrait with a hat. This opposes the author's point that the painting was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together.
In summary, the lecturer explains that this painting must be one of Rembrandt's paintings for the above mentioned reasons.
Discourse Markers used:
['also', 'but', 'first', 'however', 'look', 'second', 'so', 'third', 'in summary']
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.253205128205 0.261695866417 97% => OK
Verbs: 0.182692307692 0.158904122519 115% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0416666666667 0.0723426182421 58% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0352564102564 0.0435111971325 81% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0128205128205 0.0277247811725 46% => OK
Prepositions: 0.147435897436 0.128828473217 114% => OK
Participles: 0.0608974358974 0.0370669169778 164% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.49307710385 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0128205128205 0.0208969081088 61% => OK
Particles: 0.0 0.00154638098197 0% => OK
Determiners: 0.185897435897 0.128158765124 145% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.00961538461538 0.0158828679856 61% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.00641025641026 0.0114777025283 56% => OK
Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1672.0 1645.83664459 102% => OK
No of words: 284.0 271.125827815 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.88732394366 6.08160592843 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04852973271 101% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.327464788732 0.374372842146 87% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.281690140845 0.287516216867 98% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.200704225352 0.187439937562 107% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.0739436619718 0.113142543107 65% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.49307710385 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 135.0 145.348785872 93% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.475352112676 0.539623497131 88% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
Word variations: 45.6746214088 53.8517498576 85% => OK
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0529801325 92% => OK
Sentence length: 23.6666666667 21.7502111507 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 42.8764374557 49.3711431718 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 139.333333333 132.220823453 105% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.6666666667 21.7502111507 109% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.75 0.878197800319 85% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 3.39072847682 0% => OK
Readability: 51.8356807512 50.5018328374 103% => OK
Elegance: 2.0 1.90840788429 105% => OK
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.318106169129 0.549887131256 58% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.201909973641 0.142949733639 141% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.0878945895724 0.0787303798458 112% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.74373500239 0.631733273073 118% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.156930291443 0.139662658121 112% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.172251890357 0.266732575781 65% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0681079340676 0.103435571967 66% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.54305083412 0.414875509568 131% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.158467001979 0.0530846634433 299% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.231987859218 0.40443939384 57% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0905007920286 0.0528353158467 171% => OK
Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.26048565121 70% => OK
Positive topic words: 6.0 3.49668874172 172% => OK
Negative topic words: 3.0 3.62251655629 83% => OK
Neutral topic words: 3.0 3.1766004415 94% => OK
Total topic words: 12.0 10.2958057395 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
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Rates: 83.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.0 Out of 30
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Note: This is not the final score. The e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.