At a sale at a private home in California several years ago, a man purchased a box of photographic negatives stored in envelopes (negatives are photographic images on film or glass from which actual photographs can be made). The negatives dated from the 1920s and showed landscape scenes of the western United States. While the negatives carried no indication of the name of the photographer who created them, some people have concluded that the negatives were in fact made by the landscape photographer Ansel Adams, one of the greatest American photographers of the twentieth century. Several arguments have been offered in support of this idea.
First, the negatives include images of landscape features that Ansel Adams is known to have photographed. One of the negatives shows a large pine tree leaning downward on a cliff. The same distinctively shaped tree appears in another photograph that, without a doubt, was taken by Adams in the 1920s.
Second, the envelopes holding the negatives are numbered and marked with handwritten place names. The handwriting on the envelopes seems to resemble the handwriting of Virginia Adams, Ansel Adams’ wife. Virginia Adams is known to have assisted her husband in his work, so those who believe that Ansel Adams created these negatives have concluded that she helped her husband organize these negatives by numbering them and recording the names of the places where the images were created.
Third, a number of the negatives have been damaged by fire, it is well known that Ansel Adams’ photography studio had a fire that destroyed or damaged nearly a third of his negatives. The fact that some of the negatives bought at the sale have fire damage is consistent with the idea that they once belonged to Ansel Adams.
The passage and the lecturer both have conflicting opinions about the creator of many photographs dated by 1920s. The author of the passage presented three reasons to show that they were created by Ansel Adam. However, the lecturer is against the author's opinion and indicates that it is not convincing and presents three viewpoints to cast doubt on it.
First of all, the author contends that the landscape in the photographs has some features that approve they belong to Adam. The passage presents an example of a big pine tree in the photograph which shows it was taken by Adam. The lecturer refutes this opinion by saying that many photographers were taken a photo of that landscape, especially the pine tree. because it is a famous landscape in western united states.
In addition, the passage states that some envelopes which hold the negatives are marked by handwriting that is similar to Adam's wife. On the other hand, the lecturer questions the theory by mentioning that misspellings exist on some envelopes. He says it is impossible that Virginia made the mistake of spelling because she was born in that area and she was familiar with the local names.
The last point discussed in the passage has to do with fire's effects on the negatives and its relation to Adam's studio fire and concluded that the negatives belong to Adam. The lecturer however highlighted the fact that fire was common in studios at that time. Because they used chemicals that were fired easily and we can see the effect of fire in many photographs that were taken by others.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 248, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...m. However, the lecturer is against the authors opinion and indicates that it is not co...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 359, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Because
...at landscape, especially the pine tree. because it is a famous landscape in western uni...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 359, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “because” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
...at landscape, especially the pine tree. because it is a famous landscape in western uni...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, so, as to, in addition, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 18.0 12.0772626932 149% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1295.0 1373.03311258 94% => OK
No of words: 267.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 4.85018726592 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04229324003 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.52728243452 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 137.0 145.348785872 94% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.513108614232 0.540411800872 95% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 409.5 419.366225166 98% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 28.0839822527 49.2860985944 57% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 99.6153846154 110.228320801 90% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.5384615385 21.698381199 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.76923076923 7.06452816374 82% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.150767341075 0.272083759551 55% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0526700490158 0.0996497079465 53% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.043616684793 0.0662205650399 66% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0870869025077 0.162205337803 54% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0248090729762 0.0443174109184 56% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.7 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.85 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.53 8.42419426049 101% => OK
difficult_words: 66.0 63.6247240618 104% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.