Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth’s magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The passage proposes three problems that prevent astronauts from going to Mars. However, the professor casts doubt on each point and identifies the problems of the points made in the reading with evidence.
First of all, the passage suggests that since it takes at least two years for a round-trip to Mars and back, there may not be sufficient space for the essential supplies like food, water, and oxygen to be put in the spacecraft. But the professor opposes this motion, stating that instead of bringing all those items, astronauts can simply bring hydroponics which could be used in growing food crops. In this way, not only do they have a continuous supply of food, but they can also get clean water from the crops and oxygen they produce.
Secondly, the author of the passage claims that astronauts would face a long-time zero-gravity environment in space, damaging their health. As opposed to the idea, the lecturer maintains that many astronauts went to the space and experienced a zero-gravity environment, who had developed ways to overcome the adverse effects brought by this unique environment. For example, astronauts can do exercises to strengthen their muscles and have vitamins and minerals to help increase their bone density.
Finally, while the reading contends that astronauts will be exposed to dangerous sun radiation without any protecting shield, the professor argues that the situation only happens occasionally when the sun is active. Plus, he further suggests that a monitor of solar activities can be equipped with the spacecraft along with small shields that do not add much weight to the ship. By examining the solar activity, astronauts are able to know when there is a strong solar activity so that they can put on the small shields for protection while going out of the ship.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, however, if, may, second, secondly, so, then, while, at least, for example, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 8.0 10.4613686534 76% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 14.0 12.0772626932 116% => OK
Pronoun: 23.0 22.412803532 103% => OK
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1517.0 1373.03311258 110% => OK
No of words: 299.0 270.72406181 110% => OK
Chars per words: 5.07357859532 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.1583189471 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.64860561198 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 176.0 145.348785872 121% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.588628762542 0.540411800872 109% => OK
syllable_count: 452.7 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 3.0 1.51434878587 198% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 27.0 21.2450331126 127% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 43.7302021321 49.2860985944 89% => OK
Chars per sentence: 137.909090909 110.228320801 125% => OK
Words per sentence: 27.1818181818 21.698381199 125% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.4545454545 7.06452816374 148% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.03685212803 0.272083759551 14% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0147787643843 0.0996497079465 15% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0143057756591 0.0662205650399 22% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0211952483267 0.162205337803 13% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0100959358197 0.0443174109184 23% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 16.0 13.3589403974 120% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 52.53 53.8541721854 98% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.6 11.0289183223 114% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.83 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.8 10.498013245 122% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.