Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
The reading passage explores the issure of sending humans to Mars, proposing three difficulties that are impossible to settle. The speaker deals with the same issue, however, contrary to the author's standpoint, she thinks these obstacles can be overcome. she raises three specific points to support her idea.
First, the passage suggests that there will be no room to take enough resources like food, water and oxygen, because the trip takes over two years and the capacity is limited. Whereas, the speaker proposes a solution. she thinks that astronauts can grow plants in the water instead of soil, which will take less room and the plants can serve as food to consume, help recycle water and produce oxygen as well as absorbing carbon dioxide. Thus, the problem can be solved by this proposition.
Moreover, while the passage contends that staying in zero gravity for a long time will have a negative impact on human's body, the speaker maintains that the problem has been investigated and solved by practice. she points out that there have been some astronauts spending many months in zero-gravity. They do regular exercise to prevent muscle mass from decreasing, and eat vitamin and minerals to keep bone density. In other words, the health problems have been effectively settled.
Finally, despite the fact that the passage claims that being exposed to high level of space radiation in interplanetary space is detrimental to astronauts' health and it is impractical to build a shield to protect the spaceship due to its weight, the speaker hold fast to the opposite standpoint. she point out that the harmful radiation just happens occasionally. Therefore, the spaceship can be equipped with a special instrument to detect radiation, and only a part of the spaceship needs to be shielded. When harmful radiaiton arrives, the astronauts can go to the shielded area.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 192, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'authors'' or 'author's'?
Suggestion: authors'; author's
...he same issue, however, contrary to the authors standpoint, she thinks these obstacles ...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 256, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...thinks these obstacles can be overcome. she raises three specific points to support...
^^^
Line 2, column 176, Rule ID: SENTENCE_FRAGMENT[1]
Message: “Whereas” at the beginning of a sentence requires a 2nd clause. Maybe a comma, question or exclamation mark is missing, or the sentence is incomplete and should be joined with the following sentence.
... two years and the capacity is limited. Whereas, the speaker proposes a solution. she t...
^^^^^^^
Line 2, column 218, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...ereas, the speaker proposes a solution. she thinks that astronauts can grow plants ...
^^^
Line 3, column 211, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...en investigated and solved by practice. she points out that there have been some as...
^^^
Line 4, column 296, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: She
...r hold fast to the opposite standpoint. she point out that the harmful radiation ju...
^^^
Line 4, column 300, Rule ID: HE_VERB_AGR[1]
Message: The pronoun 'she' must be used with a third-person verb: 'points'.
Suggestion: points
...ld fast to the opposite standpoint. she point out that the harmful radiation just hap...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, first, however, if, moreover, so, therefore, thus, well, whereas, while, as well as, in other words
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 20.0 22.412803532 89% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1568.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 306.0 270.72406181 113% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12418300654 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18244613648 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.66118236507 2.5805825403 103% => OK
Unique words: 184.0 145.348785872 127% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.601307189542 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 474.3 419.366225166 113% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 71.1053678236 49.2860985944 144% => OK
Chars per sentence: 104.533333333 110.228320801 95% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.4 21.698381199 94% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.2 7.06452816374 102% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0555943537748 0.272083759551 20% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0208556782059 0.0996497079465 21% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0281655090009 0.0662205650399 43% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0353384550225 0.162205337803 22% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0406144290957 0.0443174109184 92% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.9 13.3589403974 97% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.42 12.2367328918 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.01 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 85.0 63.6247240618 134% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.