Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds "quackers" (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines' sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female orca whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a mate are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squid are giant marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country's submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on the sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
The reading states that strange sounds would have produced in several ways and provides three reasons of support.The lecturer is challenged the claims made by the author. He explains that none of the theory is convincing and refutes
each of the author's claims.
First of all, The article argues that strange noises are mainly produce by male and female orca
whales during the courtship ritual. Additionally, the article said that where the submarine picking
up the bizarre noises, orca whales liked to live in there. This specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He says that this argument seems plausible at first a glance but not convincing because
Orcas are live in surface water but submarine stays in deep shallow water. Hence, this argument does not hold any water.
Secondly, the article says that the sounds would be caused by intelligent animals like Giant squid approaches the submarine out of curiosity. The lecturer, however, rebuts this claim that this Gaint squad theory is not convincing because submarine now does not detect any frog-like sound but they continue to produce sound. Furthermore, the lecturer elaborates on this point by bringing up the point that said sound reported in 1960 and this continues for 20 years but disappeared in 1980.on the other hand, Squad also living the ocean. Hence, this argument submits a vague concept.
Finally, The article states that sounds might have produced by the other county's technological advance submarines. The article says that foreign submarine would be used advance technology that's why sonar can not detect any sound. In contrast, the lecturer position is that these sounds can be moving around but sonar can not be able to move around that's why it does not mean that it was submarine sound. Moreover, the lecturer says that almost all submarine has the same mechanical procedure. There are no any submarine that is actually fast and does not produce any sound. so, this is an unconvincing concept.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 114, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: The
...s and provides three reasons of support.The lecturer is challenged the claims made ...
^^^
Line 1, column 233, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
... of the theory is convincing and refutes each of the authors claims. First of a...
^^^^
Line 3, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Each
...the theory is convincing and refutes each of the authors claims. First of all, ...
^^^^
Line 5, column 65, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[2]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'produced'.
Suggestion: produced
...e argues that strange noises are mainly produce by male and female orca whales during...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Whales
...ainly produce by male and female orca whales during the courtship ritual. Additional...
^^^^^^
Line 9, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Up
...said that where the submarine picking up the bizarre noises, orca whales liked t...
^^
Line 19, column 189, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...marine would be used advance technology thats why sonar can not detect any sound. In ...
^^^^^
Line 19, column 349, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...ut sonar can not be able to move around thats why it does not mean that it was submar...
^^^^^
Line 19, column 504, Rule ID: NOW[2]
Message: Did you mean 'now' (=at this moment) instead of 'no' (negation)?
Suggestion: now
...he same mechanical procedure. There are no any submarine that is actually fast and...
^^
Line 19, column 575, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: So
...ly fast and does not produce any sound. so, this is an unconvincing concept.
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, also, but, finally, first, furthermore, hence, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, in contrast, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 15.0 10.4613686534 143% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 7.0 5.04856512141 139% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1675.0 1373.03311258 122% => OK
No of words: 325.0 270.72406181 120% => OK
Chars per words: 5.15384615385 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.24591054749 4.04702891845 105% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.48402422117 2.5805825403 96% => OK
Unique words: 167.0 145.348785872 115% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.513846153846 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 508.5 419.366225166 121% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 6.0 3.25607064018 184% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 17.0 13.0662251656 130% => OK
Sentence length: 19.0 21.2450331126 89% => OK
Sentence length SD: 52.0181629179 49.2860985944 106% => OK
Chars per sentence: 98.5294117647 110.228320801 89% => OK
Words per sentence: 19.1176470588 21.698381199 88% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.58823529412 7.06452816374 122% => OK
Paragraphs: 8.0 4.09492273731 195% => Less paragraphs wanted.
Language errors: 10.0 4.19205298013 239% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 8.0 4.45695364238 179% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.118157638934 0.272083759551 43% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0399248142781 0.0996497079465 40% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0294268239789 0.0662205650399 44% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0478733324451 0.162205337803 30% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0336351004746 0.0443174109184 76% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 52.19 53.8541721854 97% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.59 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.08 8.42419426049 96% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.6 10.498013245 91% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Maximum four paragraphs wanted.
Rates: 61.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.