Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific points made in the reading passage.
Humans have long been fascinated by elephants, the largest land animal in the modern world. Social animals that live in herds, elephants are native to both Africa and Asia. Their large ears, long trunk, and long life span have made elephants one of the most captivating creatures on Earth. Our long-standing interest in elephants has led to several beliefs about surprising elephant behaviors.
Elephants Are Aware of Approaching Death
One of the popular beliefs is that when elephants become old and weak, they know that they are nearing the end of their lives. They demonstrate this by breaking away from their herds and going off alone to certain locations often found near bodies of water—so called “elephant graveyards”—to die alone. The idea that old elephants seem aware that they will die soon is supported by the discovery of many sites containing bones exclusively of elderly elephants.
Representing Objects through Art
Additionally, elephants seem to have artistic ability. Elephants can be taught to hold a paintbrush in their trunk and use it to paint on a canvas. Some elephants have been known to paint drawings that represent recognizable things: flowers, other elephants, even themselves. This talent makes elephants the only animal other than humans to produce art representing the world around them.
Fear of Mice
Finally, it has long been believed that elephants have a fear of mice. In 77 C.E., the Roman philosopher and scientist Pliny the Elder wrote that elephants are more afraid of mice, small mammals that can do elephants no harm, than of the much more dangerous animals with which elephants normally share an environment, such as lions or tigers. In a recent scientific experiment in which a herd of elephants was confronted with several mice, the elephants backed away from the mice and left the area to avoid them.
The lecture challenges the reading passage basically from these following reasons.
For the first opinion that elephants are aware of approaching death, it turns out that the behavior that elephant break away from their herds and go off alone to certain locations is due to the desire to attain soft food to eat, as the elephants get older, the teeth of them become hard using, so that chewing difficulties come along. They have to look for easy chewing things for living. Meanwhile, soft vegetables grows near the water, thus the so so called "elephant graveyards" appear to people.
And secondly, to work against the opinion that elephant can represent objects through art, the lecture raise an argument which elephants actually practice art under trainer`s control.
Every time when elephants do the art, trainer stimulates their ears where are really sensitive so that to maintain the elephants movement. In this kind of way, by training and training, as the stimulate happens, painting transform into an instinct rather than the representing objects trough art consciously.
At last, the passage believes that elephants are afraid of mice, but, according to the lecture, it`s only because they are not familiar with the creature. Somehow, it would be better to define it as a natural reaction, not a situation of fearing. They do get to be scary with on doubt, although, it is toward to unknown factor. For instance, the elephants in the zoos don`t present fearing to mice for already been familiar with them who have no threat to them.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 447, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: so
...getables grows near the water, thus the so so called 'elephant graveyards' ...
^^^^^
Line 4, column 120, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[2]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'elephants'' or 'elephant's'?
Suggestion: elephants'; elephant's
...eally sensitive so that to maintain the elephants movement. In this kind of way, by train...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 189, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...nd of way, by training and training, as the stimulate happens, painting transform into an ins...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, if, look, really, second, secondly, so, thus, while, for instance, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 11.0 12.0772626932 91% => OK
Pronoun: 21.0 22.412803532 94% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1315.0 1373.03311258 96% => OK
No of words: 256.0 270.72406181 95% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.13671875 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.73443917335 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 165.0 145.348785872 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.64453125 0.540411800872 119% => OK
syllable_count: 396.0 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 72.9077306606 49.2860985944 148% => OK
Chars per sentence: 119.545454545 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.2727272727 21.698381199 107% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.72727272727 7.06452816374 124% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.1241967833 0.272083759551 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0503632810583 0.0996497079465 51% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0313743280033 0.0662205650399 47% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0737993445593 0.162205337803 45% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0358262764391 0.0443174109184 81% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.4 13.3589403974 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 56.59 53.8541721854 105% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.83 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.79 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 14.0 11.2008830022 125% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.