TOEFL integrated writing: fuel-cell engines
The author of the reading passage and the professor in the passage agree with the replacement of the internal-combustion (IC) engine with hydrogen fuel cell to power automobiles. The author emphasizes on the advantages of the hydrogen fuel cell extensively while the professor presents his conflicting opinion, that hydrogen fuel cells have shortcomings and are not as good as they are perceived.
Firstly, the author points out that IC engines rely on petroleum for fuel. Since petroleum is a non-renewable source of energy and limited in availability, it might get depleted soon. On the other hand, hydrogen required for hydrogen fuel cell is derived easily from many sources. The professor refutes these facts and present a contradictory opinion that hydrogen is very tough to find in its purest form. Moreover, storing the purest form of hydrogen requires advanced freezing technology to store hydrogen at -253 C. Thus, hydrogen is a tough raw material to utilize effectively since it requires lot of investment to use efficaciously.
Secondly, the author says that IC engines cause lot of pollution as burning petroleum releases carbon dioxide while the hydrogen fuel's by product is water. The author disagrees with the author. Furthermore, he posits that to produce hydrogen, used in the hydrogen fuel cells, gives rise to pollution. The process of purification of hydrogen production requires burning of coal which results in harmful pollution. Thereby, hydrogen as a raw material is not the safest.
Lastly, the author elaborates on the notion that hydrogen fuel cells are very cheap and twice more efficient than IC engines. Hence, requires half the fuel as of IC engine to travel the same amount of distance. The professor rebuts this statement and addresses the point that fuel cells are very expensive to make. Platinum is required to produce hydrogen in sufficient quantity and since it is costly so the production of hydrogen is expensive. No other material, except platinum, has been found which can produce hydrogen easily. Therefore, overall a very costly process.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 4, column 463, Rule ID: NEEDS_FIXED[1]
Message: "requires advanced" is only accepted in certain dialects. For something more widely acceptable, try 'advancing' or 'to be advanced'.
Suggestion: advancing; to be advanced
...ng the purest form of hydrogen requires advanced freezing technology to store hydrogen a...
^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, firstly, furthermore, hence, if, lastly, moreover, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, while, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 44.0 30.3222958057 145% => OK
Nominalization: 11.0 5.01324503311 219% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1786.0 1373.03311258 130% => OK
No of words: 333.0 270.72406181 123% => OK
Chars per words: 5.36336336336 5.08290768461 106% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.27180144563 4.04702891845 106% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.89156288375 2.5805825403 112% => OK
Unique words: 173.0 145.348785872 119% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.51951951952 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 561.6 419.366225166 134% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.7 1.55342163355 109% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 19.0 13.0662251656 145% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 42.7970149372 49.2860985944 87% => OK
Chars per sentence: 94.0 110.228320801 85% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5263157895 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.63157894737 7.06452816374 94% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 6.0 4.45695364238 135% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.1705487124 0.272083759551 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0631727292907 0.0996497079465 63% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0707150189024 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.132875792392 0.162205337803 82% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0591676130581 0.0443174109184 134% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.6 13.3589403974 94% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 45.76 53.8541721854 85% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.51 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.61 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 87.0 63.6247240618 137% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.5 10.7273730684 107% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.