The reading and the listening passages are both about the little ice age, which happened between 1350-1900CE. While the author of the reading provides three possible causes for this phenomena, the lecturer casts doubt theses proposal by saying there is new information.
The article states that the cooling caused by disrupting ocean currents. Also, it is mentioned that the warm weather before the period melted the ice which made the current cold. The professor, on the other hand, contends that researchers say that the cold currents happen only in Europe and North America, but the little ice age currents happened also in southern Africa and New Zealand. Thus, the proposal cannot explain the cause of the little ice age.
Moreover, the reading passage mentions that the cause of cold weather was because of a volcanic eruption. Furthermore, it is mentioned that this could decrease the temperature and there was some volcanic activity during that time. The lecturer, however, states that this volcanic eruption was not strong enough to cause this phenomenon because nobody reported that there was a visual effect during that time.
Finally, the writer adds that because the human population decreased before the ice age, the forest started to grow which decreases the greenhouse effect and then cooler weather. The professor rebuts this point. He states that the time for this effect is not enough. Also, it is true that the people decreased, but for short time and when they returned they cut down the trees to feed the people.
All in all, the professor debunks all the three points.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 178, Rule ID: THIS_NNS[1]
Message: Did you mean 'these'?
Suggestion: these
...ding provides three possible causes for this phenomena, the lecturer casts doubt the...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, furthermore, however, moreover, so, then, thus, while, it is true, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 17.0 12.0772626932 141% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 20.0 30.3222958057 66% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1348.0 1373.03311258 98% => OK
No of words: 262.0 270.72406181 97% => OK
Chars per words: 5.14503816794 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.02323427807 4.04702891845 99% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.34847920644 2.5805825403 91% => OK
Unique words: 145.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.553435114504 0.540411800872 102% => OK
syllable_count: 404.1 419.366225166 96% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.0 21.2450331126 85% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 51.7310548976 49.2860985944 105% => OK
Chars per sentence: 96.2857142857 110.228320801 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.7142857143 21.698381199 86% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.42857142857 7.06452816374 105% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.373463540966 0.272083759551 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.125019138425 0.0996497079465 125% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0715762287154 0.0662205650399 108% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.173214454889 0.162205337803 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0938043849867 0.0443174109184 212% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.2 13.3589403974 91% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 61.67 53.8541721854 115% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.1 11.0289183223 83% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.59 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.27 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 62.0 63.6247240618 97% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 9.2 10.498013245 88% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.