TPO-32 - Integrated Writing Task
Starting in the 1960s and continuing until the 1980s, sailors in Russian submarines patrolling the North Alantic and Arctic Ocean would occasionally hear strange sounds. These underwater noises reminded the submarine crews of frog croaks, so they called the sounds “quackers” (from the Russian word for frog sounds). The sources of the sound seemed to be moving with great speed and agility; however, the submarines’ sonar (a method of detecting objects underwater) was unable to detect any solid moving objects in the area. There are several theories about what might have caused the odd sounds.
The first theory suggests that the strange noises were actually the calls of male and female ocra whales during a courtship ritual. Orca whales are known to inhabit the areas where the submarines were picking up the bizarre noises. Orcas have been studied extensively, and the sounds they make when trying to attract a male are similar to those that the submarines were detecting.
A second idea is that the sounds were caused by giant squid. Giant squids are gaint marine invertebrates that live deep in the ocean and prey on large fish. They are difficult to detect by sonar because they have soft bodies with no skeleton. Not much is known about giant squid behavior, but their complex brains suggest they are intelligent animals. It is possible they have the ability to emit sound, and perhaps they approached the submarines out of curiosity.
A third theory suggests the Russian submarines were picking up stray sounds from some military technology, like another country’s submarines that were secretly patrolling the area. Perhaps the foreign submarines did not register on sonar because they were using a kind of technology specifically designed to make them undetectable by sonar. The strange froglike sounds may have been emitted by the foreign submarines unintentionally.
The professor cites several reasons to explain why the points made in the reading are likely to be wrong.
First, orch whales live near the surface of the ocean. While submarine mostly bases deep in the water, orch whale lives near the surface of the water. As a result, the sound they made with the purpose to attract mate is not possible to pass that far. Besides, if the sound is really made by the whales, they should be detected by the sonar.
Second, the giant squid continues to live after the sound disappeared in the 1980s. The sound was first detected in the 1960s and continue to be found for two decades. If it were the giant squids making the cracker sound, the sound should not have stopped suddenly in the 1980s, at the time when the giant squids were still alive.
Third, submarines cannot change direction quickly and will cause some sound when in use. The sound that the sonar detected has the characteristic of moving around and change direction quickly. But because of the development of technology at that time, there is no submarine can achieve this. Furthermore, if it were other submarines, there would be engine sound accompanying their operation.
To sum up, because of the aforementioned reasons, the professor suggests that the reasons mentioned in the reading passage are unlikely to be valid.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, but, first, furthermore, if, really, second, so, still, third, while, as a result, to sum up
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 14.0 10.4613686534 134% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 10.0 22.412803532 45% => OK
Preposition: 31.0 30.3222958057 102% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1109.0 1373.03311258 81% => OK
No of words: 228.0 270.72406181 84% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.86403508772 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.88582923847 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45527475349 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 130.0 145.348785872 89% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.570175438596 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 335.7 419.366225166 80% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 6.0 1.25165562914 479% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 26.5579638487 49.2860985944 54% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 85.3076923077 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.5384615385 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.76923076923 7.06452816374 110% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.27373068433 187% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.407955080733 0.272083759551 150% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.130240044683 0.0996497079465 131% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0648376754693 0.0662205650399 98% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.172496380814 0.162205337803 106% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.116086308073 0.0443174109184 262% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 10.2 13.3589403974 76% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.61 12.2367328918 87% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.39 8.42419426049 88% => OK
difficult_words: 42.0 63.6247240618 66% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.0 10.7273730684 56% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.