TPO 47 integrated
Both the reading and the lecture focus on the possibility of an ancient kind of reptiles' ability to fly, these reptiles are called pterosaurs. Although the materials presented by the author corroborates his reaching, the speaker provides some evidences to refute them all.
The reading claims that pterosaurs had not been capable of powered flight, relying on the supposition that they might have been cold-blooded just like modern reptiles and equally they might have not been able to produce enough energy for flying. In contrast, the lecture informs us of some recently discovered signs which indicate that pterosaurs have had hair like coverings implying their having been warm-blooded, since hair coverings keep the body temperature of the animals high.
In addition, the author reminds pterosaur's large size as another disproof of its capability to fly, assuming that it might have been as heavy as an animal with the same size. In the contrary, the lecturer repels the writer's idea by mentioning that although the pterosaurs were large in size, they might have been light in weight, because of their specific anatomic creatures and their owning of hollow bones instead of solid ones.
Finally, the author suggests that pterosaurs might have not been able to jump from their legs or run to gain speed for jumping like the way birds take off, since their back leg muscles had been too weak to let them launch themselves into the air. On the other hand, the speaker elucidates on the fact that the pterosaurs could have been able to take off by using all their four limbs rather than just with the help of their hind limps and using their two back limbs like what birds do.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 176, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_BEGINNING_RULE
Message: Three successive sentences begin with the same word. Reword the sentence or use a thesaurus to find a synonym.
... heavy as an animal with the same size. In the contrary, the lecturer repels the w...
^^
Line 3, column 217, Rule ID: POSSESIVE_APOSTROPHE[1]
Message: Possible typo: apostrophe is missing. Did you mean 'writers'' or 'writer's'?
Suggestion: writers'; writer's
...n the contrary, the lecturer repels the writers idea by mentioning that although the pt...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 278, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: large
...oning that although the pterosaurs were large in size, they might have been light in weight, ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 314, Rule ID: ADJECTIVE_IN_ATTRIBUTE[1]
Message: A more concise phrase may lose no meaning and sound more powerful.
Suggestion: light
...ere large in size, they might have been light in weight, because of their specific anatomic cre...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
finally, if, so, in addition, in contrast, kind of, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 5.0 7.30242825607 68% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 42.0 30.3222958057 139% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1401.0 1373.03311258 102% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 4.93309859155 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.37951848336 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.55985915493 0.540411800872 104% => OK
syllable_count: 423.0 419.366225166 101% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 7.0 2.5761589404 272% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 8.0 13.0662251656 61% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 35.0 21.2450331126 165% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 48.1843789521 49.2860985944 98% => OK
Chars per sentence: 175.125 110.228320801 159% => OK
Words per sentence: 35.5 21.698381199 164% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.625 7.06452816374 122% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 7.0 4.33554083885 161% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.453208656724 0.272083759551 167% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.182848353651 0.0996497079465 183% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0979732505733 0.0662205650399 148% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.238189694642 0.162205337803 147% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.103360764932 0.0443174109184 233% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 19.5 13.3589403974 146% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.41 53.8541721854 82% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.8 11.0289183223 143% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.91 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.76 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 16.0 10.498013245 152% => OK
text_standard: 16.0 11.2008830022 143% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 76.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 23.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.