TPO-47 - Integrated Writing Task Pterosaurs were an ancient group of winged reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs. Many pterosaurs were very large, some as large as a giraffe and with a wingspan of over 12 meters. Paleontologists have long wondered

The reading and the lecture give information about an ancient group of winged reptiles called pterosaurs. While the reading suggests that they were not able to fly, the lecture refutes all the suggestion provides in the reading material.

First, the professor proposes that pterosaurs were, in fact, able to fly. Scientists found pterosaurs fossils which indicated that their body were covered with dense hair or fur. This evidence support that pterosaurs were typical warm-blooded reptiles. With a faster metabolism that character of warm-blooded animals, Pterosaurs were able to generate energy required to fly. This first point that the lecture disagrees with what indicated in the reading passage that pterosaurs were not able to generate enough energy to fly because they were cold-blooded reptiles.

Second, in contrast with what belief in the reading that their larg size and heavy weight restrict the pterosaurs from flying, the lecture mentions pterosaurs were, indeed, able to fly. Despite their large size, their hollow bone made their weight much lighter. With a lighter weight, pterosaurs were able to flip their wings and fly.

Finally, the author explains that pterosaurs fossils indicated that they had small back legs. For large pterosaurs to fly, they should possess big back legs with a strong muscles to allow them to run and jump, a technique used by most of the birds to fly. In contrast, the professor mentions that pterosaurs possessed four limbs. With the ability to use their four limbs to run and push, pterosaurs have the privilege to launch themselves into the air and fly.

Votes
Average: 7 (3 votes)
Essay Categories

Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 116, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...cientists found pterosaurs fossils which indicated that their body were covered w...
^^
Line 5, column 78, Rule ID: HEAVY_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'heavyweight'?
Suggestion: heavyweight
...in the reading that their larg size and heavy weight restrict the pterosaurs from flying, th...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 172, Rule ID: A_PLURAL[2]
Message: Don't use indefinite articles with plural words. Did you mean 'muscle'?
Suggestion: muscle
...uld possess big back legs with a strong muscles to allow them to run and jump, a techni...
^^^^^^^

Discourse Markers used:
['finally', 'first', 'second', 'so', 'while', 'in contrast', 'in fact']

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments

Performance in Part of Speech:
Nouns: 0.253472222222 0.261695866417 97% => OK
Verbs: 0.173611111111 0.158904122519 109% => OK
Adjectives: 0.0868055555556 0.0723426182421 120% => OK
Adverbs: 0.0277777777778 0.0435111971325 64% => OK
Pronouns: 0.0451388888889 0.0277247811725 163% => OK
Prepositions: 0.111111111111 0.128828473217 86% => OK
Participles: 0.0208333333333 0.0370669169778 56% => OK
Conjunctions: 2.50233950987 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Infinitives: 0.0520833333333 0.0208969081088 249% => Less infinitives wanted.
Particles: 0.0 0.00154638098197 0% => OK
Determiners: 0.0868055555556 0.128158765124 68% => OK
Modal_auxiliary: 0.00347222222222 0.0158828679856 22% => OK
WH_determiners: 0.0208333333333 0.0114777025283 182% => OK

Vocabulary words and sentences:
No of characters: 1612.0 1645.83664459 98% => OK
No of words: 258.0 271.125827815 95% => OK
Chars per words: 6.2480620155 6.08160592843 103% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.00778971557 4.04852973271 99% => OK
words length more than 5 chars: 0.364341085271 0.374372842146 97% => OK
words length more than 6 chars: 0.302325581395 0.287516216867 105% => OK
words length more than 7 chars: 0.197674418605 0.187439937562 105% => OK
words length more than 8 chars: 0.135658914729 0.113142543107 120% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50233950987 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 134.0 145.348785872 92% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.519379844961 0.539623497131 96% => OK
Word variations: 49.7931627233 53.8517498576 92% => OK
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0529801325 107% => OK
Sentence length: 18.4285714286 21.7502111507 85% => OK
Sentence length SD: 40.1598845433 49.3711431718 81% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.142857143 132.220823453 87% => OK
Words per sentence: 18.4285714286 21.7502111507 85% => OK
Discourse Markers: 0.5 0.878197800319 57% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 3.39072847682 88% => OK
Readability: 48.6611295681 50.5018328374 96% => OK
Elegance: 1.56338028169 1.90840788429 82% => OK

Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.605972856844 0.549887131256 110% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence: 0.192507760965 0.142949733639 135% => OK
Sentence sentence coherence SD: 0.11092072375 0.0787303798458 141% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence: 0.629467977858 0.631733273073 100% => OK
Sentence paragraph coherence SD: 0.146241527986 0.139662658121 105% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.274927487849 0.266732575781 103% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.101884392674 0.103435571967 99% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence: 0.371203010342 0.414875509568 89% => OK
Paragraph paragraph coherence SD: 0.017184979122 0.0530846634433 32% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.411732500301 0.40443939384 102% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0844236705261 0.0528353158467 160% => OK

Task Achievement:
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 8.0 4.26048565121 188% => Less neutral sentences wanted.
Positive topic words: 3.0 3.49668874172 86% => OK
Negative topic words: 2.0 3.62251655629 55% => OK
Neutral topic words: 6.0 3.1766004415 189% => OK
Total topic words: 11.0 10.2958057395 107% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?

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Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.

the lecture refutes all the suggestion provides in the reading material.
the lecture refutes all the suggestions which provide in the reading material.

This evidence support that
This evidence supports that

Sentence: This first point that the lecture disagrees with what indicated in the reading passage that pterosaurs were not able to generate enough energy to fly because they were cold-blooded reptiles.
Description: what is the verb for 'This first point'?

in contrast with what belief in the reading
in contrast with the belief in the reading

Sentence: Second, in contrast with what belief in the reading that their larg size and heavy weight restrict the pterosaurs from flying, the lecture mentions pterosaurs were, indeed, able to fly.
Error: larg Suggestion: large

flaws:
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2

Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 20 in 30
Category: Good Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 4 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 1 2
No. of Sentences: 14 12
No. of Words: 258 250
No. of Characters: 1312 1200
No. of Different Words: 127 150
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.008 4.2
Average Word Length: 5.085 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.483 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 92 80
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 74 60
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 48 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 31 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 18.429 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 7.557 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.429 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.432 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.627 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.19 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 4 4