The author of the reading passage and the professor both discuss whether Pterosaurs were able to flight by flapping wings or not. The author is against the idea by explaining three theories. However, the professor thinks that the author's reasons contain some defects.
First of all, the author claims that pterosaurs may be cold-blooded due to the modern reptiles. And it won't be able to produce the energy to fly. On the contrary, the professor disagrees. She indicates that according to the fossils, shows that they were covered with hair and fur. Therefore it can be concluded that pterosaurs may be warm-blooded. Due to the author theory, pterosaurs can generate energy enough to fly.
In addition, the author states that pterosaurs are too heavy, and it's impossible that they have power enough to flap their wings to fly. However, the professor refutes the author idea by saying that pterosaurs actually are lightweight because their bones are hollow instead of solid. Even pterosaurs have a large body, but their low weight still can flap their wings make them able to fly.
Finally, the author raises the point that pterosaurs lack strong muscles on their back legs, and it makes them unable to run fast and jump enough to take off the ground like birds do. On the other hand, the professor asserts that if pterosaurs are like birds take off the ground as the same way, it is impossible. She says that pterosaurs aren't like birds, they use four limbs to walk on the ground instead of two. In fact, study shows that even pterosaurs have no trouble to use four limbs to run fast and jump enough to launch on the ground.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 282, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...at they were covered with hair and fur. Therefore it can be concluded that pterosaurs may...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 340, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
...is impossible. She says that pterosaurs arent like birds, they use four limbs to walk...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, first, however, if, may, so, still, therefore, in addition, in fact, first of all, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 5.0 5.04856512141 99% => OK
Conjunction : 9.0 7.30242825607 123% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1352.0 1373.03311258 98% => OK
No of words: 282.0 270.72406181 104% => OK
Chars per words: 4.79432624113 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09790868904 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38689099654 2.5805825403 92% => OK
Unique words: 140.0 145.348785872 96% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.496453900709 0.540411800872 92% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 396.0 419.366225166 94% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 38.0244575898 49.2860985944 77% => OK
Chars per sentence: 84.5 110.228320801 77% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.625 21.698381199 81% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.8125 7.06452816374 125% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.372861280191 0.272083759551 137% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.119001572072 0.0996497079465 119% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0805036591364 0.0662205650399 122% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.214867636016 0.162205337803 132% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0593926785786 0.0443174109184 134% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 9.9 13.3589403974 74% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 71.14 53.8541721854 132% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.21 12.2367328918 83% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.17 8.42419426049 85% => OK
difficult_words: 48.0 63.6247240618 75% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 5.5 10.7273730684 51% => Linsear_write_formula is low.
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 70.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 21.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.