In the reading passage, the writer claims that large pterosaurs were incapable of powered flight. The speaker, however, contradicts this view for the following three reasons. First of all, the reading materials points out that ancient reptiles such as pterosaurs were probably cold-blooded and were incapable of producing enough energies for flying. But the speaker reputes that pterosaurs had a dense, hair-like covering which was typical of warm-blooded animals whose metabolism was able to supply the energy required for powered flight. Second, the author states that pterosaurs were too heavy to stay aloft for any length of time. But the lecturer suggests that the bones of pterosaurs were hollow instead of solid. Therefore, although they had large body frames, the pterosaurs' weight was probably low enough to allow them to keep themselves airborne by flapping wings. Lastly, the author indicates pterosaurs lacked the big, powerful muscles in their back legs to run fast enough or jump high enough to launch themselves into the air. Contrary to the reading passage, the speaker emphasizes that unlike birds which used just the back limbs, pterosaurs used four limbs to push off the ground.
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 103, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...r with wings, that by the reading is not capable to fly due several reasons. Howe...
^^
Line 1, column 141, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...ot capable to fly due several reasons. However the professor cast doubt the thre main ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 121, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...les we see today. This kind off animals cant produce enough energy that is required ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 173, Rule ID: IT_IS[6]
Message: Did you mean 'it's' (='it is') instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?
Suggestion: It's; It is
... enough energy that is required to fly. Its a reflect of its low metabolism. To con...
^^^
Line 3, column 177, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...ugh energy that is required to fly. Its a reflect of its low metabolism. To contradicts, ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 140, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Moreover,
...e powerfull muscles in their back lags. Moreover they shold be able to run and jump. Unl...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 228, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...ikely the fossil are evidence that they dont posses the large and strong muscles req...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, moreover, second, so, third, for instance, in fact, kind of, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 994.0 1373.03311258 72% => OK
No of words: 204.0 270.72406181 75% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.87254901961 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.77926670891 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.27617839404 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 145.348785872 84% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.598039215686 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 297.9 419.366225166 71% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.9400746296 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 71.0 110.228320801 64% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.5714285714 21.698381199 67% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.21428571429 7.06452816374 116% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.360963507122 0.272083759551 133% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.11251420449 0.0996497079465 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0711539168542 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.189850829714 0.162205337803 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0928508620889 0.0443174109184 210% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.8 13.3589403974 66% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.37 12.2367328918 85% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.66 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 43.0 63.6247240618 68% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 103, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...r with wings, that by the reading is not capable to fly due several reasons. Howe...
^^
Line 1, column 141, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: However,
...ot capable to fly due several reasons. However the professor cast doubt the thre main ...
^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 121, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...les we see today. This kind off animals cant produce enough energy that is required ...
^^^^
Line 3, column 173, Rule ID: IT_IS[6]
Message: Did you mean 'it's' (='it is') instead of 'its' (possessive pronoun)?
Suggestion: It's; It is
... enough energy that is required to fly. Its a reflect of its low metabolism. To con...
^^^
Line 3, column 177, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...ugh energy that is required to fly. Its a reflect of its low metabolism. To contradicts, ...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 140, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Moreover,
...e powerfull muscles in their back lags. Moreover they shold be able to run and jump. Unl...
^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 228, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...ikely the fossil are evidence that they dont posses the large and strong muscles req...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
first, however, if, moreover, second, so, third, for instance, in fact, kind of, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 10.0 10.4613686534 96% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 4.0 7.30242825607 55% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 994.0 1373.03311258 72% => OK
No of words: 204.0 270.72406181 75% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.87254901961 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.77926670891 4.04702891845 93% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.27617839404 2.5805825403 88% => OK
Unique words: 122.0 145.348785872 84% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.598039215686 0.540411800872 111% => OK
syllable_count: 297.9 419.366225166 71% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 14.0 21.2450331126 66% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.9400746296 49.2860985944 65% => OK
Chars per sentence: 71.0 110.228320801 64% => OK
Words per sentence: 14.5714285714 21.698381199 67% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.21428571429 7.06452816374 116% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 7.0 4.19205298013 167% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.360963507122 0.272083759551 133% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.11251420449 0.0996497079465 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0711539168542 0.0662205650399 107% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.189850829714 0.162205337803 117% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0928508620889 0.0443174109184 210% => More connections among paragraphs wanted.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 8.8 13.3589403974 66% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 65.73 53.8541721854 122% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 7.6 11.0289183223 69% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.37 12.2367328918 85% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.66 8.42419426049 91% => OK
difficult_words: 43.0 63.6247240618 68% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 6.5 10.7273730684 61% => OK
gunning_fog: 7.6 10.498013245 72% => OK
text_standard: 8.0 11.2008830022 71% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.