TPO 47- Pterosaurs
The lecture and the passage discuss the issue of whether Ptreosaurs were be able to flight or not. Although the passage claims that there are three theories that indicate these ancient species were not powered flight, the speaker reject these ideas through a number of reasons which will be described in this report.
First of all, the passage points out that there is a theory suggesting that Pterosaurs were cold-blooded, since the modern reptiles are cold-blooded as well; therefore, they had not enough energy to fly due to to the reason that their metabolisms were slow. The speaker, in contrast, rejects this by claiming that recenetly some fossils of these species have been discovered which reveal some dense hair cover like the fur in the warm-blood animals. As a result, by being a warm-blooded species, they could have produce enough eneregy to flight by their high metabolisms.
Furthermore, unlike the passage which states that the Pterosaurs could not be able to flight due to the reason that they were very heavy and they could not be able to stay aflot, the speaker argues that some researches indicate that the anatomic feature of the Pterosaurs might be helpful for them to flight. She also states that despite of having a large body, the Pterosaurs had hollow light weight bones which helped the to stay aloft in the sky.
Fnally, although the passage claims that Pterosaurs as the same as birds needed some powers like jumping or running swiftly to take off the ground and launch themselves into the air, the professor disagrees by mentioning that these species were not like the birds. She also adds a recent research explains that birds have two limbs for launch, whereas the Ptreosaurs had four limbs which could provide adequate power for them to runinng fast or jumping high enough to launch themseleves into the air.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 74, Rule ID: BEEN_PART_AGREEMENT[1]
Message: Consider using a past participle here: 'been'.
Suggestion: been
...ss the issue of whether Ptreosaurs were be able to flight or not. Although the pas...
^^
Line 3, column 208, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: to
..., they had not enough energy to fly due to to the reason that their metabolisms were ...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 389, Rule ID: LIGHT_WEIGHT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'lightweight'?
Suggestion: lightweight
...a large body, the Pterosaurs had hollow light weight bones which helped the to stay aloft in...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 280, Rule ID: A_UNCOUNTABLE[3]
Message: Uncountable nouns are usually not used with an indefinite article. Use simply 'recent research'.
Suggestion: recent research
... were not like the birds. She also adds a recent research explains that birds have two limbs for ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, furthermore, if, so, therefore, well, whereas, in contrast, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 16.0 10.4613686534 153% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 6.0 5.04856512141 119% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 19.0 12.0772626932 157% => OK
Pronoun: 31.0 22.412803532 138% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 37.0 30.3222958057 122% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1543.0 1373.03311258 112% => OK
No of words: 311.0 270.72406181 115% => OK
Chars per words: 4.961414791 5.08290768461 98% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.19942759058 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.40432780116 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 161.0 145.348785872 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.51768488746 0.540411800872 96% => OK
syllable_count: 454.5 419.366225166 108% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 34.0 21.2450331126 160% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 67.2823422619 49.2860985944 137% => OK
Chars per sentence: 171.444444444 110.228320801 156% => OK
Words per sentence: 34.5555555556 21.698381199 159% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.8888888889 7.06452816374 154% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 2.0 4.45695364238 45% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 3.0 4.27373068433 70% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.429624036811 0.272083759551 158% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.175181781643 0.0996497079465 176% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0643151379781 0.0662205650399 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.251395777837 0.162205337803 155% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0611599576958 0.0443174109184 138% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 19.2 13.3589403974 144% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 45.43 53.8541721854 84% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.4 11.0289183223 140% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.08 12.2367328918 99% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.03 8.42419426049 107% => OK
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 15.6 10.498013245 149% => OK
text_standard: 16.0 11.2008830022 143% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 81.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.