TPO35 In 1912 a bookseller named Wilfrid M. Voynich acquired a beautifully illustrated handwritten book (manuscript) written on vellum (vellum is a material that was used for writing before the introduction of paper). The "Voynich manuscript," as it became known, resembles manuscripts written in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. However, it is written in a completely unknown script. To date, no one has been able to decode the script and understand the book's content. Several theories have been proposed to explain the origin of the Voynich manuscript. One theory is that the manuscript is a genuine work on some scientific or magical subject composed in a complex secret code. Anthony Ascham, a sixteenth-century physician and botanist, has been identified as a possible author, since many plant illustrations in the Voynich manuscript are quite similar to those in Ascham's book on medicinal plants, A Little Herbal, published in 1550. According to some other theories, the manuscript is really a fake and its text has no real meaning. For example, it has been proposed the manuscript was created by Edward Kelley, a sixteenth century personality who extracted money from nobles across Europe by pretending to have magical powers. Kelley may have created the manuscript as a fake magical book to sell to a wealthy noble. He used a made-up alphabet in a completely random order. It looks like a book of magical secrets, but there is no meaningful underlying text. Another theory is that the manuscript is actually a modern fake created by Wilfrid M. Voynich himself. As an antique book dealer, Voynich certainly had the knowledge of what old manuscripts should look like and could have created a fake one. Perhaps Voynich's plan was to sell the fake as a mysterious old book if he received an attractive offer.
The reading passage and the lecture boy discuss voynich manuscripts and the misteries behid them. In the reading part, the bauthor mentions that there is three gusses about the origin of the the manuscripts; in the listening part, however, the speaker challenges what the author states and refutes the reasons.
To begin with, as mentioned in the artcle, the author sets forth that they realeted to magical things and science becouse of the similarity between plants and the medical plants on sixteen centeries. Nevertheless, the professor rebuts the reasons asserting that the thing on manuscripts is very important than be magic and it could be a well known sorces if it used for scientific stuffes and it should be coded on that time.
Secondly, the author points out that there was a fack manuscript to extract money and sell them to wealthy people; nonetheless the speaker flathly contradicts the reasons and contends that should it was used for tricking people it would demands lots of efforts and the people who lived on that time were not fulish. it means that they could recognized the fack ones, whereas, for such books so much work would be needed, it was not simple.
Finally, the author claims that maybe voynich made all of them by himseflf and it does not realated to the acrant pasts. In contrasts, the professor is off the opinion that with modern technology we can recognize the actual time of the evidences. Therefore, if he made them, the pape and also more important the eink can be dataed and it indicated that there were produced four handered yeaers before sixteen centeries, mich more older that VOYN
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 188, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: the
...ere is three gusses about the origin of the the manuscripts; in the listening part, how...
^^^^^^^
Line 1, column 188, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'the' is left.
Suggestion: the; the
...ere is three gusses about the origin of the the manuscripts; in the listening part, how...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 238, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'would' requires the base form of the verb: 'demand'
Suggestion: demand
...t was used for tricking people it would demands lots of efforts and the people who live...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 317, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...who lived on that time were not fulish. it means that they could recognized the fa...
^^
Line 5, column 342, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[1]
Message: The verb 'could' requires the base form of the verb: 'recognize'
Suggestion: recognize
...re not fulish. it means that they could recognized the fack ones, whereas, for such books ...
^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 426, Rule ID: MOST_COMPARATIVE[2]
Message: Use only 'older' (without 'more') when you use the comparative.
Suggestion: older
...d yeaers before sixteen centeries, mich more older that VOYN
^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, however, if, may, nevertheless, nonetheless, second, secondly, so, therefore, well, whereas, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 8.0 5.04856512141 158% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 29.0 22.412803532 129% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 26.0 30.3222958057 86% => OK
Nominalization: 1.0 5.01324503311 20% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1358.0 1373.03311258 99% => OK
No of words: 277.0 270.72406181 102% => OK
Chars per words: 4.90252707581 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.07962216107 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.4506015067 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 159.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.574007220217 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 399.6 419.366225166 95% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.4 1.55342163355 90% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 3.25607064018 61% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 4.0 2.5761589404 155% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 9.0 13.0662251656 69% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 30.0 21.2450331126 141% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 65.5896333272 49.2860985944 133% => OK
Chars per sentence: 150.888888889 110.228320801 137% => OK
Words per sentence: 30.7777777778 21.698381199 142% => OK
Discourse Markers: 15.4444444444 7.06452816374 219% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 6.0 4.19205298013 143% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 0.0 4.45695364238 0% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.113234697796 0.272083759551 42% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0454127507584 0.0996497079465 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0416138080724 0.0662205650399 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0633907688709 0.162205337803 39% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0268877748814 0.0443174109184 61% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.0 13.3589403974 127% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.95 53.8541721854 108% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.6 11.0289183223 114% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.23 8.42419426049 110% => OK
difficult_words: 72.0 63.6247240618 113% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 13.0 10.7273730684 121% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.0 10.498013245 133% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.