triassic extinction
The article presents different explanations about the possible causes of a mass extinction at the end of the Triassic era 200 million years ago. The lecturer claims that none of the aformentioned theories are plausible and she contradicts the points made in the passage as follows.
Firstly, although the sea levels were fluctuating at the end of the Triassic period, the overall decline in the sea levels happened over a long time period; millions of years. Coastal and shallow water species had the ability to adapt to alterations in their living environments, if the changes would occur gradually. Thus, if the sea levels fall was the reason behind the mass extinction it would have had to happen abruptly.
Secondly, while it is true that volcanic activities at the end of the Triassic era may have contributed to sulfur dioxide build up in the atmosphere and a subsequent climate change, sulfur dioxide clears out of the atmosphere in a short period of time through chemical reactions with water. Therefore, the decrease in global temperature due to SO2 could not last long enough to cause the extinction.
Finally, there has been no crater found which is traced back to the time of the Triassic extinction other than one dated to twelve million years before that period. it is also very early to be considered the cause of the extinction. So, the theory of an asteroid hitting the earth is not convincing either.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 238, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...clears out of the atmosphere in a short period of time through chemical reactions with water. ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 166, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...welve million years before that period. it is also very early to be considered the...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, if, may, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, while, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 4.0 12.0772626932 33% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 8.0 22.412803532 36% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1188.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 240.0 270.72406181 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.95 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.93597934253 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70154276911 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.608333333333 0.540411800872 113% => OK
syllable_count: 364.5 419.366225166 87% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 60.1634440504 49.2860985944 122% => OK
Chars per sentence: 118.8 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0 21.698381199 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.1 7.06452816374 143% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.224242044456 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0741057939207 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0921974895251 0.0662205650399 139% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.135454120323 0.162205337803 84% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0513831850605 0.0443174109184 116% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 13.3589403974 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.1 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 238, Rule ID: PERIOD_OF_TIME[1]
Message: Use simply 'period'.
Suggestion: period
...clears out of the atmosphere in a short period of time through chemical reactions with water. ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 166, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: It
...welve million years before that period. it is also very early to be considered the...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, firstly, if, may, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, while, it is true
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 3.0 7.30242825607 41% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 4.0 12.0772626932 33% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 8.0 22.412803532 36% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1188.0 1373.03311258 87% => OK
No of words: 240.0 270.72406181 89% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.95 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.93597934253 4.04702891845 97% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.70154276911 2.5805825403 105% => OK
Unique words: 146.0 145.348785872 100% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.608333333333 0.540411800872 113% => OK
syllable_count: 364.5 419.366225166 87% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 5.0 8.23620309051 61% => OK
Subordination: 4.0 1.25165562914 320% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 60.1634440504 49.2860985944 122% => OK
Chars per sentence: 118.8 110.228320801 108% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.0 21.698381199 111% => OK
Discourse Markers: 10.1 7.06452816374 143% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 2.0 4.19205298013 48% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.224242044456 0.272083759551 82% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0741057939207 0.0996497079465 74% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0921974895251 0.0662205650399 139% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.135454120323 0.162205337803 84% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0513831850605 0.0443174109184 116% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.9 13.3589403974 104% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 55.58 53.8541721854 103% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.5 11.0289183223 104% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.1 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 10.7273730684 131% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 86.6666666667 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 26.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.