"Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight."
The argument is based on several fallacious assumptions and fails to provide evidences to support them. It provides information about the costs and dangers of manned flights and assumes that unmanned flights are generally cheaper and more safe while also assuming that a machine will be able to replicate tasks that a trained astronaut is capable of doing, all of which is based on vague or ambiguous reasonings.
For one, Machines and humans aren't same but the argument assumes them to be equal. Men is the creator of machines and the artificial intelligence on which the machine operates is based one how it is programmed to do. Therefore, machines aren't capable of judgement which is the single biggest factor that keeps them apart. What if there is some unpredented change during the flight and the man needs to manually change the course for the space shuttle to be safe. Only human beings are capable of doing that but machines cannot since they weren't programmed to do so and they cannot adapt to changes as a man can. Therefore the differences between man anc machines severely undermines the opinion presented in the argument.
Secondly, the argument states that manned space flight is costly and dangerous and assumes that unmanned flight is without costs and risks without providing any evidence about it. But we need to ask, is that really true? Some of today's cutting edge technologies are far more costly and to replace what a single human being is capable of doing we might need lots of technology to operate different functions. Therefore, an unmanned space probe might be just as costly if not more than a manned flight in many cases. Again, to avoid an asteroid, the space probe might need to make several changes in its locus which is a split-second decision that man is capable of doing thereby saving the space probe from being destroyed and thus making it safer. But the same cannot be said for machines who depend on fixed pregramming to operate and thus wouldn't be capable of saving the shuttle in this case.
Finally, the argument unwarrantingly assumes that machines can aquire a great deal of useful information and those are more or less same as what a man is capable of. But how can we judge that men is not way better than machines when it comes to accumulating information. The very fact that machines are gathering "useful" information is because of the reason that men has programmed it to deem those informations as "useful". There might be some new information which is way important than what is traditionally required and only man is capable of determining it because they possess intelligence and can make choices but not machines since they won't be able to work outside their fixed range. Thus the unmanned flights are gathering equally important and useful information as a man can is a fallacy on which the opinion is based.
Thus, there are several unattended assumptions about the safety and cost and also the efficiency of manned and unmanned flights and untill further evidence is provided, these assumptions severely undermines the argument presented.
Comments
Essay evaluation report
Sentence: Finally, the argument unwarrantingly assumes that machines?can aquire a great deal of useful information and those?are more or less same as what a man is capable of.
Error: unwarrantingly Suggestion: No alternate word
Error: aquire Suggestion: No alternate word
Sentence: Thus, there are several unattended assumptions about the safety and cost and also the efficiency of manned and unmanned flights and untill further evidence is provided, these assumptions severely undermines the argument presented.
Error: untill Suggestion: until
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flaws:
the arguments are not exactly right on the point. Let's analyze the structure of the statement and argue accordingly:
Manned space flight is costly and dangerous. //the author assumes that 1. unManned space flight is not costly 2. there is no technological improvement for Manned space flight on safety;
Moreover, the recent success of a series of unmanned space probes and satellites has demonstrated that a great deal of useful information can be gathered without the costs and risks associated with sending men and women into space. //look here it is: a great deal of useful information not All information
Therefore, we should invest our resources in unmanned space flight.//the author assumes that unmanned space flight can replace manned space flight.
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Attribute Value Ideal
Final score: 3.0 out of 6
Category: Satisfactory Excellent
No. of Grammatical Errors: 0 2
No. of Spelling Errors: 3 2
No. of Sentences: 20 15
No. of Words: 529 350
No. of Characters: 2539 1500
No. of Different Words: 221 200
Fourth Root of Number of Words: 4.796 4.7
Average Word Length: 4.8 4.6
Word Length SD: 2.613 2.4
No. of Words greater than 5 chars: 177 100
No. of Words greater than 6 chars: 138 80
No. of Words greater than 7 chars: 86 40
No. of Words greater than 8 chars: 52 20
Use of Passive Voice (%): 0 0
Avg. Sentence Length: 26.45 21.0
Sentence Length SD: 10.471 7.5
Use of Discourse Markers (%): 0.8 0.12
Sentence-Text Coherence: 0.326 0.35
Sentence-Para Coherence: 0.54 0.50
Sentence-Sentence Coherence: 0.138 0.07
Number of Paragraphs: 5 5
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 1, column 22, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
The argument is based on several fallacious assumptions and fa...
^^
Line 3, column 30, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
...onings. For one, Machines and humans arent same but the argument assumes them to b...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 238, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: aren't
...s programmed to do. Therefore, machines arent capable of judgement which is the singl...
^^^^^
Line 3, column 539, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: weren't
...ing that but machines cannot since they werent programmed to do so and they cannot ada...
^^^^^^
Line 3, column 613, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Therefore,
...y cannot adapt to changes as a man can. Therefore the differences between man anc machine...
^^^^^^^^^
Line 3, column 663, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...the differences between man anc machines severely undermines the opinion presente...
^^
Line 5, column 222, Rule ID: MOST_SOME_OF_NNS[1]
Message: After 'Some of', you should use 'the' ('Some of the todays') or simply say ''Some todays''.
Suggestion: Some of the todays; Some todays
...ut we need to ask, is that really true? Some of todays cutting edge technologies are far more ...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 842, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: wouldn't
...n fixed pregramming to operate and thus wouldnt be capable of saving the shuttle in thi...
^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 715, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Thus,
...able to work outside their fixed range. Thus the unmanned flights are gathering equa...
^^^^
Line 7, column 809, Rule ID: DID_BASEFORM[2]
Message: The verb 'can' requires the base form of the verb: 'be'
Suggestion: be
...ant and useful information as a man can is a fallacy on which the opinion is based...
^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, if, really, second, secondly, so, therefore, thus, while, in many cases, more or less
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 40.0 19.6327345309 204% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 16.0 12.9520958084 124% => OK
Conjunction : 30.0 11.1786427146 268% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 21.0 13.6137724551 154% => OK
Pronoun: 36.0 28.8173652695 125% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 54.0 55.5748502994 97% => OK
Nominalization: 17.0 16.3942115768 104% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 2632.0 2260.96107784 116% => OK
No of words: 514.0 441.139720559 117% => OK
Chars per words: 5.12062256809 5.12650576532 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.76146701107 4.56307096286 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.10021759718 2.78398813304 111% => OK
Unique words: 227.0 204.123752495 111% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.441634241245 0.468620217663 94% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 842.4 705.55239521 119% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.59920159681 100% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 2.0 4.96107784431 40% => OK
Article: 6.0 8.76447105788 68% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 2.70958083832 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 3.0 1.67365269461 179% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 4.22255489022 24% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 20.0 19.7664670659 101% => OK
Sentence length: 25.0 22.8473053892 109% => OK
Sentence length SD: 63.9205757171 57.8364921388 111% => OK
Chars per sentence: 131.6 119.503703932 110% => OK
Words per sentence: 25.7 23.324526521 110% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.25 5.70786347227 92% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 5.15768463074 97% => OK
Language errors: 10.0 5.25449101796 190% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 8.20758483034 110% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 9.0 6.88822355289 131% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.67664670659 43% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.288188382699 0.218282227539 132% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0943985899197 0.0743258471296 127% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0832014988444 0.0701772020484 119% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.157272038191 0.128457276422 122% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.075080443426 0.0628817314937 119% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.5 14.3799401198 108% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 46.1 48.3550499002 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 7.1628742515 123% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 13.0 12.197005988 107% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.71 12.5979740519 101% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.1 8.32208582834 97% => OK
difficult_words: 105.0 98.500998004 107% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 14.0 12.3882235529 113% => OK
gunning_fog: 12.0 11.1389221557 108% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.9071856287 109% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 66.67 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 4.0 Out of 6
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.