In 1995 a microscopic fungus called Phytophthora ramorum, or P. ramorum, was first detected in the forests of the western United States. P. ramorum infects trees and causes particularly serious damage in oak trees: in many infected oaks, leaves wither rapidly, large cracks appear in the bark, and the trees die. A spread of P. ramorum represents a serious threat to the forests in the western states. Several methods of protecting the forests have been proposed.
First, stopping P. ramorum spores from spreading would surely be an effective method. Spores are small particles through which all fungi, including P. ramorum, reproduce. Researchers have discovered that many P. ramorum spores can be found along hiking or biking trails, suggesting human-assisted spread by way of shoes and bicycle tires. A few measures to prevent such human-assisted spread—like encouraging hikers to wash their shoes and installing new bike scrubbers on bicycle trails—would be an effective and low-cost way to stop the spread of P. ramorum.
Second, there are a few fungicidal (fungus-fighting) chemicals that can be used to protect the oak trees. Some of these chemicals stimulate the oak trees’ natural defenses against the P. ramorum fungus and have been found in small-scale tryouts to significantly reduce the likelihood that the oaks will be infected.
A third way to fight P. ramorum is a practice called clear-cutting. This approach starts with cutting and burning the diseased oaks, but it also involves cutting and burning the seemingly healthy vegetation (bushes and other kinds of trees) surrounding the oaks. This is done because some of the surrounding plants and trees may be infected even though they do not show any symptoms of the disease. Clearing large areas of vegetation in places where diseased trees are found is often an efficient measure to stop the spread of infections.
To begin with, prevented human-assisted spread would be an effective and low cost way to stop
the spread of P. ramorum. The article mention that researchers implying spores spread by way of shoes and bicycle tires, since spores have found along hiking or biking trails. this specific argument is challenged by the lecturer. He claims that even if prevented human spread that is actually stoped small spreading. Additionally, he says that long-distance water flow is the main reason to spread spores and to stop this slow can not possible, thus the spreading of spores would not possible.
Secondly, the writer suggests that using fungicidal chemicals could have eradicated and protec the oak trees. In the article, it is said that theses chemicals helps to oak trees against P. ramorum fungus and have found small scale tryouts to significantly reduce the likelihood. The lecturer, however, rebuts this by mentioning that injecting chemicals of oaks trees to protected is a very expensive and time-consuming and very complex procedure. he elaborates on this by bringing up the point that
it is needed to inject every oaks tree every month repeatedly, that's why it would not possible to a large number of forest oaks trees and it would not possible to inject every tree and every month.
Finally, The author posits that where the diseased trees are found to cleaning large areas of vegetation is an efficient way to stop the spreading of infections. Moreover, in the article, it is said that although this way some healthy vegetation cut and burned but those trees might have infected. In contrast, the lecturer's position is that this way sacrificed some rare trees and these trees are not to back and could not found. He notes that since this way eradicates some large number of healthy vegetation of surrounding, thus forest would be lost profound healthy vegetation and various rare trees.
Grammar and spelling errors:
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Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...be an effective and low cost way to stop the spread of P. ramorum. The article me...
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Suggestion: The
...n effective and low cost way to stop the spread of P. ramorum. The article menti...
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Suggestion: This
...ve found along hiking or biking trails. this specific argument is challenged by the ...
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...allenged by the lecturer. He claims that even if prevented human spread that is a...
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...e-consuming and very complex procedure. he elaborates on this by bringing up the p...
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...es on this by bringing up the point that it is needed to inject every oaks tree e...
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Suggestion: It
...n this by bringing up the point that it is needed to inject every oaks tree eve...
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Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: that's
...every oaks tree every month repeatedly, thats why it would not possible to a large nu...
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Line 9, column 99, Rule ID: LARGE_NUMBER_OF[1]
Message: Specify a number, remove phrase, or simply use 'many' or 'numerous'
Suggestion: many; numerous
...dly, thats why it would not possible to a large number of forest oaks trees and it would not pos...
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Line 9, column 147, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
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Suggestion:
...number of forest oaks trees and it would not possible to inject every tree and ev...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, finally, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, so, thus, in contrast, to begin with
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 13.0 10.4613686534 124% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 15.0 7.30242825607 205% => Less conjunction wanted
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 30.0 22.412803532 134% => Less pronouns wanted
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1600.0 1373.03311258 117% => OK
No of words: 314.0 270.72406181 116% => OK
Chars per words: 5.09554140127 5.08290768461 100% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.20951839842 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.67560657467 2.5805825403 104% => OK
Unique words: 158.0 145.348785872 109% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.503184713376 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 476.1 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 8.0 3.25607064018 246% => Less pronouns wanted as sentence beginning.
Article: 6.0 8.23620309051 73% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 5.0 2.5761589404 194% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 22.0 21.2450331126 104% => OK
Sentence length SD: 49.6350456341 49.2860985944 101% => OK
Chars per sentence: 114.285714286 110.228320801 104% => OK
Words per sentence: 22.4285714286 21.698381199 103% => OK
Discourse Markers: 7.21428571429 7.06452816374 102% => OK
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 10.0 4.19205298013 239% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 6.0 4.33554083885 138% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0992688160921 0.272083759551 36% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0331760981771 0.0996497079465 33% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.033874822543 0.0662205650399 51% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0525643973102 0.162205337803 32% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.039209249086 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.8 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 57.61 53.8541721854 107% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 10.7 11.0289183223 97% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.6 12.2367328918 103% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.6 8.42419426049 102% => OK
difficult_words: 77.0 63.6247240618 121% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.8 10.498013245 103% => OK
text_standard: 11.0 11.2008830022 98% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.