An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter than air gas Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today having been largely replaced by airplanes and helic | TOEFL IELTS GMAT GRE SAT ACT PTE ESL

Essay topics:

An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas. Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today, having been largely replaced by airplanes and helicopters.However,some aeronautical engineers believe that airships could become popular again because they offer a number of advantages over airplanes and helicopters.

One advantage of airships is that for vertical lift(the force that keeps the ship airborne),they use a balloon that floats rather than an engine.Airplanes and helicopters use engines for both vertical lift and horizontal movement,but airships use engines solely for horizontal movement.So,airships use less fuel than a typical aircraft-thus making their fuel costs more economical.

Another advantage of airships is that they can be used in hard-to-reach locations.Unlike airplanes, airships do not require a long runway for takeoff and landing because of their ability to lift off and land vertically.The only other aircraft capable of ascending into the sky by going straight up and descending straight down to the ground is the helicopter,which can carry only a small amount of weight.Airships,meanwhile,are able to carry very heavy loads.As a result,airships could do jobs that neither airplanes nor helicopters can do,such as carrying heavy logs from forests to distribution centers.

Finally,airships could even be used to replace satellites.Currently, satellites are launched into Earth's orbit carying all kinds of equipment important in telecommunications or in surveying large areas of Earth's surface for military purposes.Since airships can also rise high above the surface and stay there without refueling for a significant amount of time,they could provide services similar to those provided by satellites,and at a considerably cheaper cost.

Both reading and the lecture revolves around the airships. While the reading names three major advantages of airship over helicopters and airplanes, the lecturer finds mentioned ideas dubious and cast a doubt on the pros mentioned in the paragraph.
First, the reading states that unlike airplanes and helicopters, airships are capable of vertical movements without using an engine. However, the speaker hold the view that this vertical lift is highly depended on two special gases called hydrogen and hellioum. unfortunatly, Hydrogen can easily catch fire and make disaster while hellium is a rare and expensive gas that cannot provide enough power for vertical movements.
Second, the writing claims that the airships can be used in hard-to-reach locations while the long takeoff runaway for airplane inhibits it from having such advantage and also the helicopters can not carry a heavy lift. The speaker, in the contrast, holds the view that heavy logs will slow down this process and the winds can make serious damges to the airship and prevent it from having a steady lift.
furthermore, the article suggests that the airships can replace the satellites, because they are not only cheaper but they are also capable of high riseflight without serious need to refuel in a short time. on the contrary, the lecturer finds this idea usless and claims that in the high heights above the surface, the strong wings can harm the process. In order to resist the winds, the airship hvae to use a considerable amount of fuel and the refuel time will decrease dramatically. Moreover, the chance of a steady and uniterupted flight will be vanished because of the aforementioned reasons.

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Integrated TOEFL Writing

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Essay evaluations by e-grader

Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 2, column 263, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Unfortunatly
...ial gases called hydrogen and hellioum. unfortunatly, Hydrogen can easily catch fire and mak...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: Furthermore
...prevent it from having a steady lift. furthermore, the article suggests that the airships...
^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 4, column 208, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: On
...serious need to refuel in a short time. on the contrary, the lecturer finds this i...
^^
Line 4, column 443, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...o use a considerable amount of fuel and the refuel time will decrease dramatically. Moreov...
^^^^^^^^^^

Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, so, while, on the contrary

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments

Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 14.0 7.30242825607 192% => OK
Relative clauses : 7.0 12.0772626932 58% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 14.0 22.412803532 62% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.

Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1407.0 1373.03311258 102% => OK
No of words: 274.0 270.72406181 101% => OK
Chars per words: 5.13503649635 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.0685311056 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61487372567 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.57299270073 0.540411800872 106% => OK
syllable_count: 429.3 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK

A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 10.0 8.23620309051 121% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK

Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 11.0 13.0662251656 84% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 24.0 21.2450331126 113% => OK
Sentence length SD: 44.4973766522 49.2860985944 90% => OK
Chars per sentence: 127.909090909 110.228320801 116% => OK
Words per sentence: 24.9090909091 21.698381199 115% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.0 7.06452816374 113% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?

Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.122793195487 0.272083759551 45% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0460851614028 0.0996497079465 46% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0512364237115 0.0662205650399 77% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0700492484936 0.162205337803 43% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0267593341441 0.0443174109184 60% => OK

Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 15.2 13.3589403974 114% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 47.12 53.8541721854 87% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.7 11.0289183223 115% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.83 12.2367328918 105% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.09 8.42419426049 108% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.6 10.498013245 110% => OK
text_standard: 13.0 11.2008830022 116% => OK
What are above readability scores?

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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.

Essay evaluations by e-grader

Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, furthermore, however, if, moreover, second, so, while, on the contrary

Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments