An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas. Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today, having been largely replaced by airplanes and helicopters.However,some aeronautical engineers believe that airships could become popular again because they offer a number of advantages over airplanes and helicopters.
One advantage of airships is that for vertical lift(the force that keeps the ship airborne), they use a balloon that floats rather than an engine.Airplanes and helicopters use engines for both vertical lift and horizontal movement,but airships use engines solely for horizontal movement. So, airships use less fuel than a typical aircraft-thus making their fuel costs more economical.
Another advantage of airships is that they can be used in hard-to-reach locations. Unlike airplanes, airships do not require a long runway for takeoff and landing because of their ability to lift off and land vertically.The only other aircraft capable of ascending into the sky by going straight up and descending straight down to the ground is the helicopter, which can carry only a small amount of weight.Airships,meanwhile,are able to carry very heavy loads.As a result,airships could do jobs that neither airplanes nor helicopters can do, such as carrying heavy logs from forests to distribution centers.
Finally,airships could even be used to replace satellites. Currently, satellites are launched into Earth's orbit carrying all kinds of equipment important in telecommunications or in surveying large areas of Earth's surface for military purposes.Since airships can also rise high above the surface and stay there without refueling for a significant amount of time,they could provide services similar to those provided by satellites,and at a considerably cheaper cost.
According to the passage, airships were once widely used but nowadays airplanes have taken over them. Considering this fact, the writer puts forward several solutions for airships to retake their place in transportation. However, the speaker finds all of them impractical and refits them vividly.
First and foremost, the article asserts that for vertical lifts, balloons can be used soas to airships only use engines for horizontal moving while airplanes only use engines for either vertical or horizontal moving. Thereby, airships combustion less fuel. On the other hand, the professor points out that balloons use lighter gases, hydrogen and helium, both of which have serious drawbacks. Hydrogen is capable of firing easily and bringing about tragic accidents, and Helium not only is difficult to obtain but also less powerful. As a result, airships using this solution will not assure safety and affordability.
Secondly, the reading passage mentions airships' ability to reach hard locations because they do not require a lot of space to land or take off. Besides they are able to carry heavier loads than for example helicopters. Conversely, the lecture reveals the fact that balloons move slowly and their movement should be kept steady to avoid trees and crashing. In this case, keeping balloons steady in high altitudes where is windy is a tough problem to tackle.
Lastly, the passage claims that airships are able to replace satellites for communication since they burn less fuel during their mission. On the contrary, the professor clears out that balloons reach only altitudes as high as 40 km in which strong winds cause balloons to use up their fuel, hence landing to refuel resulting in not providing the expected continuous and uninterrupted service satellites provide.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 145, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Besides,
...ire a lot of space to land or take off. Besides they are able to carry heavier loads th...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, besides, but, conversely, first, hence, however, if, lastly, second, secondly, so, while, as to, for example, as a result, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 9.0 10.4613686534 86% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 3.0 5.04856512141 59% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 8.0 12.0772626932 66% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 33.0 30.3222958057 109% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1506.0 1373.03311258 110% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.30281690141 5.08290768461 104% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.61460200074 2.5805825403 101% => OK
Unique words: 178.0 145.348785872 122% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.62676056338 0.540411800872 116% => OK
syllable_count: 461.7 419.366225166 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 6.0 2.5761589404 233% => Less preposition wanted as sentence beginnings.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 57.6822754229 49.2860985944 117% => OK
Chars per sentence: 107.571428571 110.228320801 98% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.2857142857 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 11.6428571429 7.06452816374 165% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 5.0 4.33554083885 115% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 6.0 4.27373068433 140% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.181417386018 0.272083759551 67% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0618127881262 0.0996497079465 62% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0505510147597 0.0662205650399 76% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.104635960946 0.162205337803 65% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0442068168708 0.0443174109184 100% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.7 13.3589403974 103% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 51.18 53.8541721854 95% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.1 11.0289183223 101% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.46 12.2367328918 110% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 9.19 8.42419426049 109% => OK
difficult_words: 82.0 63.6247240618 129% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.0 10.7273730684 75% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 90.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 27.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.