An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas. Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today, having been largely replaced by airplanes and helicopters.However,some aeronautical engineers believe that airships could become popular again because they offer a number of advantages over airplanes and helicopters.
One advantage of airships is that for vertical lift(the force that keeps the ship airborne),they use a balloon that floats rather than an engine.Airplanes and helicopters use engines for both vertical lift and horizontal movement,but airships use engines solely for horizontal movement.So,airships use less fuel than a typical aircraft-thus making their fuel costs more economical.
Another advantage of airships is that they can be used in hard-to-reach locations.Unlike airplanes, airships do not require a long runway for takeoff and landing because of their ability to lift off and land vertically.The only other aircraft capable of ascending into the sky by going straight up and descending straight down to the ground is the helicopter,which can carry only a small amount of weight.Airships,meanwhile,are able to carry very heavy loads.As a result,airships could do jobs that neither airplanes nor helicopters can do,such as carrying heavy logs from forests to distribution centers.
Finally,airships could even be used to replace satellites.Currently, satellites are launched into Earth's orbit carying all kinds of equipment important in telecommunications or in surveying large areas of Earth's surface for military purposes.Since airships can also rise high above the surface and stay there without refueling for a significant amount of time,they could provide services similar to those provided by satellites,and at a considerably cheaper cost.
Based on the reading passage an airship is a kind of aircraft, lighter than a balloon and larger. Therefore, keeping this in perspective, airships could become popular again. However, the professor casts doubt on advantages and suggestion three points concerning why they seem impractical.
The first point mentioned in the reading passage is, an airship can lift in vertical position due to the using floats rather than an engine and this use less fuel. This point is challenged in the lecture as, airships use helium and hydrogen to make them lighter, and there are some drawbacks associated with using hydrogen and helium. The reading does not take into consideration that hydrogen easily catch fire and during the time made so many troubles and helium is too expensive. Therefore, the whole point regarding using aircraft is more economical is rebutted in the lecture.
Although it was suggested in the reading that airships can be used in hard-to-reach sites and are able to carry heavy logs. This point is rebutted by the lecturer as since aircraft are too light, being steady and not causing in the air is a challenge. Another issue is mentioned to question the validity of this claim is, strong winds can easily make an airship unsteady and change their position. Hence, this fact was mentioned in the reading cannot make sense.
The author in the reading passage assert that airships can be used in exchange of satellites. This point is, further called into question in the lecture on the grounds that, airships find it impossible to go above as a satellite can. In fact, the reading fails to consider the fact that, a lot of fuel will be used in order to going above and soon fuel runs out and airships need come back to ground. Thereby, the validity of this point is also into question.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, hence, however, if, regarding, so, therefore, in fact, kind of
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 21.0 10.4613686534 201% => Less to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 13.0 7.30242825607 178% => OK
Relative clauses : 5.0 12.0772626932 41% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 18.0 22.412803532 80% => OK
Preposition: 43.0 30.3222958057 142% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1501.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 308.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 4.87337662338 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18926351222 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.50575951503 2.5805825403 97% => OK
Unique words: 165.0 145.348785872 114% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535714285714 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 460.8 419.366225166 110% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 15.0 13.0662251656 115% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 35.5014866668 49.2860985944 72% => OK
Chars per sentence: 100.066666667 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.5333333333 21.698381199 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.33333333333 7.06452816374 75% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 9.0 4.27373068433 211% => Less facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.202759953117 0.272083759551 75% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0765237464222 0.0996497079465 77% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0683837220145 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.135043491057 0.162205337803 83% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.038832267794 0.0443174109184 88% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.8 13.3589403974 88% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.97 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.55 8.42419426049 90% => OK
difficult_words: 57.0 63.6247240618 90% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.