Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.
One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.
Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
The author of the reading passage and the professor both discuss the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to generate electricity that drives the car. The author mentions that fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them. However, the professor discords with the ideas mentioned in the reading passage. He offers several reasons to oppose the argument of this article.
First of all, although in the article the author claims that hydrogen can be derived from sundry sufficient sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines exploit easily available, sustainable resources makes them surprisingly enticing. The professor indicates that hydrogen needs a complicate cooling technology to produce and store. Therefore, the professor actually believes that hydrogen is not as easily available as the passage indicate.
Second, the author states that the only by product of fuel-cell engines is water. Therefore, using hydrogen-based fuel cells can resolve innumerable pollution issues around the world. However, the professor mentions that getting pure hydrogen from water or natural gas will consume more coal or oil. Thus, the professor can conclude that using hydrogen-based fuel cells can cause more pollution problem.
Finally, the author of the article indicates the efficiency of a fuel-cell automobile is more exceptional than an internal-combustion engine. Therefore, people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. However, the professor points out that using fuel-cell engines will need a kind of limited and valuable metal. As a result, the professor contends that using fuel-cell engines won’t save people’s money.
Comments
Essay evaluations by e-grader
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 314, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...professor indicates that hydrogen needs a complicate cooling technology to produce and store...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, finally, first, however, second, so, therefore, thus, kind of, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1554.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 267.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.8202247191 5.08290768461 115% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04229324003 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.04498297767 2.5805825403 118% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535580524345 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 486.0 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.8 1.55342163355 116% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 26.4963883152 49.2860985944 54% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 97.125 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.6875 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.125 7.06452816374 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.231507904654 0.272083759551 85% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.085763371864 0.0996497079465 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0639221884681 0.0662205650399 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.152983459746 0.162205337803 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0512307034527 0.0443174109184 116% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 13.3589403974 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.31 53.8541721854 71% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 16.18 12.2367328918 132% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.87 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 314, Rule ID: A_INFINITVE[1]
Message: Probably a wrong construction: a/the + infinitive
...professor indicates that hydrogen needs a complicate cooling technology to produce and store...
^^^^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, finally, first, however, second, so, therefore, thus, kind of, as a result, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 12.0 12.0772626932 99% => OK
Pronoun: 16.0 22.412803532 71% => OK
Preposition: 21.0 30.3222958057 69% => OK
Nominalization: 6.0 5.01324503311 120% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1554.0 1373.03311258 113% => OK
No of words: 267.0 270.72406181 99% => OK
Chars per words: 5.8202247191 5.08290768461 115% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.04229324003 4.04702891845 100% => OK
Word Length SD: 3.04498297767 2.5805825403 118% => OK
Unique words: 143.0 145.348785872 98% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535580524345 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 486.0 419.366225166 116% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.8 1.55342163355 116% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 12.0 8.23620309051 146% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 16.0 13.0662251656 122% => OK
Sentence length: 16.0 21.2450331126 75% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 26.4963883152 49.2860985944 54% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 97.125 110.228320801 88% => OK
Words per sentence: 16.6875 21.698381199 77% => OK
Discourse Markers: 6.125 7.06452816374 87% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 8.0 4.33554083885 185% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.231507904654 0.272083759551 85% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.085763371864 0.0996497079465 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0639221884681 0.0662205650399 97% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.152983459746 0.162205337803 94% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0512307034527 0.0443174109184 116% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 14.3 13.3589403974 107% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 38.31 53.8541721854 71% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 11.9 11.0289183223 108% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 16.18 12.2367328918 132% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.87 8.42419426049 105% => OK
difficult_words: 75.0 63.6247240618 118% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 8.5 10.7273730684 79% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.4 10.498013245 80% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 80.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 24.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.