Hail—pieces of ice that form and fall from clouds instead of snow or rain—has always been a problem for farmers in some areas of the United States. Hail pellets can fall with great force and destroy crops in the field. Over the last few decades, a method of reducing hail, called "cloud seeding," has been tried. In cloud seeding, the chemical silver iodide is sprayed on storm clouds from an airplane. This makes the clouds produce harmless rain or snow instead of hail. Several pieces of evidence suggest that cloud seeding has been effective in protecting crops from hail. Laboratory experiments Experiments in the laboratory support the idea that cloud seeding is effective. Hail usually forms water vapor that is close to the freezing point However, when experimenters added silver iodide to cold water vapor in the laboratory, they often observed light snow forming instead of hail pellets. Evidence from Asia There is evidence about the effectiveness of cloud seeding from several countries around the world. In some Asian countries, for example, cloud seeding has been successfully used to control precipitation in urban areas. These positive results suggest that cloud seeding should also be effective in protecting fields and farms in the United States. Local studies A few local studies also support the value of cloud seeding. One study conducted in a farming region in the central United States, for example, directly monitored crop damage due to hail. The study found that in an area where cloud seeding was used there was reduced hail damage compared to previous years.
The article states that cloud seeding is the solution to the prevailing problem of hail in the farming region and can prevent hail from affecting it. The passage provides three reasons for support. However, the professor explains that cloud seeding is not as effective as article states and refutes with all the reasons.
First, the reading claims that silver iodide, the chemical used in cloud seeding, produces harmless rain or snow rather than hail. This does not affect the crops as hail would. However, the professor refutes the point by stating that all the tests are done under lab conditions while real conditions may vary. He further states that silver iodide can not only prevent hail, but it can also prevent snow and even rain for forming causing drought conditions in the area, so it should not be used. Drought can affect crops more than hail.
Second, the article posits that there is evidence of cloud seeding being helpful in several countries in Asia and is successful in controlling precipitation in urban areas. However, the professor says that evidence from Asia cannot be taken into consideration as it is of an urban area. The farming area in the US is rural. According to the professor, In the city area there are various other factors like pollution which mix in the atmosphere with cloud seeding to give favourable outcomes, but as there is no pollution in US Farming area this might not work.
Third, the reading describes a local study, done in a farming region in the United States where cloud seeding was done. It states that the crops in that area were less damaged compared to previous years. The professor, however, opposes the point by stating that cloud seeding has nothing to do in this local study as the nearby areas to the study field also received less hail at that particular time, so it was all environmental change rather than the effect of cloud seeding.
Overall, according to professor all the cloud seeding experiments are done in the lab rather than real environment, so they cannot be considered. Also, cloud seeding leads to more harm than good in United States farming conditions. So, it should be avoided at all cost.
| Post date | Users | Rates | Link to Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-08-10 | Rasna James | 68 | view |
| 2019-03-20 | toefl 2019 | 76 | view |
| 2019-04-08 | ayush.rga | 70 | view |
| 2019-09-26 | S_Daftari | 73 | view |
| 2019-05-17 | Ahmed Riyadh | 65 | view |
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, first, however, may, second, so, third, while, as to
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 18.0 10.4613686534 172% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 11.0 5.04856512141 218% => Less auxiliary verb wanted.
Conjunction : 7.0 7.30242825607 96% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 25.0 22.412803532 112% => OK
Preposition: 40.0 30.3222958057 132% => OK
Nominalization: 8.0 5.01324503311 160% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1811.0 1373.03311258 132% => OK
No of words: 371.0 270.72406181 137% => Less content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.88140161725 5.08290768461 96% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.38877662729 4.04702891845 108% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.41641761976 2.5805825403 94% => OK
Unique words: 175.0 145.348785872 120% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.471698113208 0.540411800872 87% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 547.2 419.366225166 130% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 4.0 3.25607064018 123% => OK
Article: 11.0 8.23620309051 134% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 18.0 13.0662251656 138% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 66.3802179368 49.2860985944 135% => OK
Chars per sentence: 100.611111111 110.228320801 91% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.6111111111 21.698381199 95% => OK
Discourse Markers: 3.5 7.06452816374 50% => More transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 9.0 4.33554083885 208% => Less positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 5.0 4.45695364238 112% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.1879202475 0.272083759551 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0689855239196 0.0996497079465 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0530093661787 0.0662205650399 80% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.113325639396 0.162205337803 70% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0571559722052 0.0443174109184 129% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.9 13.3589403974 89% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.02 12.2367328918 90% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 7.95 8.42419426049 94% => OK
difficult_words: 78.0 63.6247240618 123% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Write the essay in 20 minutes.
Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.