International trade is more important than ever before, but the actual vehicles used to transport goods have not advanced much since the 1950s. The majority of goods that travel between countries are still transported on container ships. However, many companies are developing autonomous container ships that do not require a human crew to control them. Crewless cargo ships have three important advantages over crewed vessels.
First, crewless cargo ships would reduce labor costs for shipping companies. Paying the human crew of an ocean-going vessel is one of the largest expenses during a voyage. On top of their salaries, the owner of the ship also has to provide them with food, sleeping quarters, climate control, and entertainment. Removing the crew from container ships would eliminate all of those costs.
Second, crewless ships would be less attractive targets for pirates. While the goods on a container ship are valuable, pirates usually make their money by ransoming the crew of the ship. Removing the crew would immediately make pirates less likely to attack a ship. In addition, ships with no crew can be designed to make them difficult to board, the cargo can be made nearly inaccessible, and the ships would have no manual controls for the pirates to use.
Third, crewless ships would be less likely to have accidents. Most accidents that occur at sea are caused by human error. When a ship encounters an emergency situation, the human crew often reacts too slowly or makes mistakes. Crewless ships could use sensors and computers to detect and react to similar situations in a fraction of a second. That would allow them to alter their course much more rapidly and avoid accidents.
Both the reading and leture discuss crewless vessels wheather they truly have advantages or not. Former claims three advantages for crewless ships and the latter cunters these by explaing why they are not actually true.
First of all, author of the reading states that crewless vessels would save company from wasting money on labor expanses. However, the lecturer argues this by saying that company can save expanses by keeping minimum crews. Moreover, ships would require crews for regular damages and technical problems ships would encounter while on the run. Otherwise, It would face more costs for not repairing it on time.
Secondly, the reading claims that ships would have less risk for pirates. But the the lecturer rebuts this by stating that high tech pirates can captured the ship and can access to the full control of ships. That's why it is not a good advantage points.
Thirdly, the reading says that ships have been less encountered accidents dut to autonomous controls. In contrast, the lecturer points out that accidents don't likely to happen due to the slowness of crews rather happen for difficulties to change the course of the ships. Autonomous can be less predictable to intercept the bad decision of other ships, while crew members can percive it more accurately. That's paly important role to minimize accidents of the ships by crews rather than the autonomous control systems.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 79, Rule ID: ENGLISH_WORD_REPEAT_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a word
Suggestion: the
...s would have less risk for pirates. But the the lecturer rebuts this by stating that hi...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 79, Rule ID: DT_DT[1]
Message: Maybe you need to remove one determiner so that only 'the' or 'the' is left.
Suggestion: the; the
...s would have less risk for pirates. But the the lecturer rebuts this by stating that hi...
^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 209, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: That's
...an access to the full control of ships. Thats why it is not a good advantage points. ...
^^^^^
Line 7, column 155, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
... the lecturer points out that accidents dont likely to happen due to the slowness of...
^^^^
Line 7, column 404, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: That's
...members can percive it more accurately. Thats paly important role to minimize acciden...
^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
actually, but, first, however, if, moreover, second, secondly, third, thirdly, while, in contrast, first of all
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 4.0 10.4613686534 38% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 6.0 7.30242825607 82% => OK
Relative clauses : 6.0 12.0772626932 50% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 15.0 22.412803532 67% => OK
Preposition: 25.0 30.3222958057 82% => OK
Nominalization: 0.0 5.01324503311 0% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1180.0 1373.03311258 86% => OK
No of words: 230.0 270.72406181 85% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 5.13043478261 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.89432290496 4.04702891845 96% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.38891580315 2.5805825403 93% => OK
Unique words: 133.0 145.348785872 92% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.578260869565 0.540411800872 107% => OK
syllable_count: 345.6 419.366225166 82% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 1.0 3.25607064018 31% => OK
Article: 4.0 8.23620309051 49% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 13.0 13.0662251656 99% => OK
Sentence length: 17.0 21.2450331126 80% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively short.
Sentence length SD: 31.1858335309 49.2860985944 63% => OK
Chars per sentence: 90.7692307692 110.228320801 82% => OK
Words per sentence: 17.6923076923 21.698381199 82% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.53846153846 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 5.0 4.19205298013 119% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 2.0 4.27373068433 47% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0995787065506 0.272083759551 37% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0400218559508 0.0996497079465 40% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0237447300151 0.0662205650399 36% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0615076263613 0.162205337803 38% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0129815471512 0.0443174109184 29% => Paragraphs are similar to each other. Some content may get duplicated or it is not exactly right on the topic.
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 11.6 13.3589403974 87% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 62.68 53.8541721854 116% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 8.7 11.0289183223 79% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 12.18 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.46 8.42419426049 100% => OK
difficult_words: 58.0 63.6247240618 91% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 7.5 10.7273730684 70% => OK
gunning_fog: 8.8 10.498013245 84% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 68.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 20.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.