Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other hand, conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible.
First, atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface. This means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every square centimeter of surface. All spacecraft that have landed on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus would be crushed as well.
Second, as far as we know, there are no reservoirs of water on Venus' surface, and the planet's atmosphere, made up mostly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, contains hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.
Third, very little sunlight reaches the planet's surface. About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere, which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide, which blocks even more light, so very little light reaches the surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power cells, so humans could not get electricity to power their machines and equipment.
The reading passage and the listening lecture, both talk about the possibility of living on Venus. The passage accounts for Venus because of its certain features, does not have mandatory conditions for human living, but on the other hand, the lecturer explains in the listening that it is possible that a permanent human presence maintains.
First, the author explains that Venus has a pressure 90 times greater than Earth. Accordingly, if a spacecraft want to land on the venus, it will crush to the surface of this planet by this high pressure. Contrariwise, The lecturer believes that this problem can be solved by constructing with these floating stations. The lecturer describes that if a station is built 50 kilometers up the level of this planet, the humans do face no danger at all.
Second, the author says there is a problem of lack of water and oxygen in the atmosphere of Venus, and all the atmosphere of Venus is comprised of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfuric acid, etc. However, the lecturer pays to this fact in a different way. The lecturer reveals that the rocks and chemical materials on Venus contain the water and oxygen which needed for human living and humans can excavate these compounds to supply the required water and oxygen.
Finally, the author indicates that in addition to the mentioned problems, there is a scarcity of sunlight in Venus. He says that about 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere. So it faces humans with a lack of sufficient energy to use for their equipment. On the other hand, the lecturer explains that humans can solve this issue by installing the two-sided solar panels on the appropriate altitudes to absorb both transmitting and reflecting sunlight that provides enough energy to use.
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- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement To improve the quality of education universities should spend more money on salaries for university professors Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 60
- Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon On the other hand conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that maintaining a human presence there would be impossible First atmospheric pre 60
- Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is Thus the project o 52
- In 1957 a European silver coin dating to the eleventh century was discovered at a Native American archaeological site in the state of Maine in the United States Many people believed the coin had been originally brought to North America by European explore 68
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Movies and television have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 73
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 440, Rule ID: WHITESPACE_RULE
Message: Possible typo: you repeated a whitespace
Suggestion:
...anet the humans do face no danger at all Second the author says there is a proble...
^^^^^
Line 5, column 130, Rule ID: IS_COMPRISED_OF[1]
Message: Did you mean 'comprises' or 'consists of' or 'is composed of'?
Suggestion: comprises; consists of; is composed of
...f Venus and all the atmosphere of Venus is comprised of carbon dioxide nitrogen and sulfuric ac...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 5, column 231, Rule ID: IN_A_X_MANNER[1]
Message: Consider replacing "in a different way" with adverb for "different"; eg, "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".
... However the lecturer pays to this fact in a different way The lecturer reveals that the rocks and...
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line 7, column 1, Rule ID: SENT_START_CONJUNCTIVE_LINKING_ADVERB_COMMA[1]
Message: Did you forget a comma after a conjunctive/linking adverb?
Suggestion: Finally,
...supply the required water and oxygen Finally the author indicates that in addition t...
^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
accordingly, but, finally, first, however, if, second, so, in addition, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 4.0 5.04856512141 79% => OK
Conjunction : 10.0 7.30242825607 137% => OK
Relative clauses : 13.0 12.0772626932 108% => OK
Pronoun: 26.0 22.412803532 116% => OK
Preposition: 41.0 30.3222958057 135% => OK
Nominalization: 4.0 5.01324503311 80% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1492.0 1373.03311258 109% => OK
No of words: 308.0 270.72406181 114% => OK
Chars per words: 4.84415584416 5.08290768461 95% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.18926351222 4.04702891845 104% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.53950072319 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 155.0 145.348785872 107% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.503246753247 0.540411800872 93% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 468.0 419.366225166 112% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 0.0 3.25607064018 0% => OK
Article: 1.0 8.23620309051 12% => OK
Subordination: 0.0 1.25165562914 0% => More adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 0.0 2.5761589404 0% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 1.0 13.0662251656 8% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 308.0 21.2450331126 1450% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 0.0 49.2860985944 0% => The essay contains lots of sentences with the similar length. More sentence varieties wanted.
Chars per sentence: 1492.0 110.228320801 1354% => Less chars_per_sentence wanted.
Words per sentence: 308.0 21.698381199 1419% => Less words per sentence wanted.
Discourse Markers: 89.0 7.06452816374 1260% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 4.0 4.19205298013 95% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 0.0 4.33554083885 0% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 1.0 4.45695364238 22% => More negative sentences wanted.
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 0.0 4.27373068433 0% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.214190404267 0.272083759551 79% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.214190404267 0.0996497079465 215% => Sentence topic similarity is high.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0 0.0662205650399 0% => Sentences are similar to each other.
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.128921213508 0.162205337803 79% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0595600211945 0.0443174109184 134% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 155.4 13.3589403974 1163% => Automated_readability_index is high.
flesch_reading_ease: -232.68 53.8541721854 -432% => Flesch_reading_ease is low.
smog_index: 0.0 5.55761589404 0% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 122.2 11.0289183223 1108% => Flesch kincaid grade is high.
coleman_liau_index: 12.27 12.2367328918 100% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 22.66 8.42419426049 269% => Dale chall readability score is high.
difficult_words: 73.0 63.6247240618 115% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 55.0 10.7273730684 513% => Linsear_write_formula is high.
gunning_fog: 125.2 10.498013245 1193% => Gunning_fog is high.
text_standard: 23.0 11.2008830022 205% => The average readability is very high. Good job!
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.