Scientists are considering the possibility of sending humans to Mars in the coming decades. Although there have been successful manned missions to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s, Mars is 150 times further away from Earth than the Moon is. Thus the project of sending humans to Mars would require solving an array of problems the Moon missions did not have to face.
One problem is that a round-trip to Mars and back is likely to take at least two years. The trip to the Moon lasted only a few days, and it was easy to bring enough supplies of food, water, and oxygen; but the cargo capacity of space vehicles is too limited to put on board the food, water, and oxygen required by a crew for a period of two years. Without those essentials, though, a Mars mission is impossible.
A second problem is that astronauts on the Mars mission would be in the zero-gravity environment of space for many months at a time. Spending a long time in the zero-gravity environment has negative effects on the human body, such as decreased muscle mass and lower bone density. Over the course of a two-year mission, the effects would be so severe, they would make it impossible for humans to make the trip without experiencing grave medical problems.
Finally, astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed to dangerous levels of space radiation, much of which comes in the form of charged particles emitted by the Sun. Earth's magnetic field, which normally protects us from dangerous solar radiation, would not be able to protect a spaceship traveling in interplanetary space. Constructing a shield that would protect the whole spaceship from space radiation is at present impossible because it would add too much weight to the ship.
Sending humans by a spaceship to Mars is more challenging than going to the Moon. There are three main problems that the author and the lecturer discuss about them.
First, the author believes that because of lasting the round-trip to Mars and back for about two years, the astronauts can not take enough food, water, and capsulated oxygen with themselves. So they will face the lack of essential stuff for living. On the contrary, the lecturer implies that the astronauts can use some kind of plants that their roots live in the water and not in the soil. Thus, they can use these cultivation plants as food. Also, these plants can use some sewage water for their roots and by vaporing this water, the astronauts can extract some clean water to drink. In addition, the plants absorb the carbon dioxide and release dioxide (because of their photosynthesis process), and produce fresh air in the spaceship.
Secondly, the author thinks that remaining in the zero-gravity for a long time is dangerous for astronauts; because after a while decreasing the muscle mass and lower bone density can be very severe and confront them with serious medical problems. On the other hand, the lecturer explains that the astronauts can do some regular exercises to avoid this serious problem.
Third, the author accounts for the dangerous solar radiation that affects the spacemen and the spacecraft. Also, he/she believes that covering the spaceship adds too much weight to the ship. However, the lecturer indicates that the dangerous solar radiation just occurs occasionally and it is not continual. So the astronauts can have a small and light capsule to be there when the dangerous radiation of the sun has begun.
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, first, however, second, secondly, so, third, thus, while, in addition, kind of, on the contrary, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 6.0 10.4613686534 57% => More to be verbs wanted.
Auxiliary verbs: 9.0 5.04856512141 178% => OK
Conjunction : 12.0 7.30242825607 164% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 27.0 30.3222958057 89% => OK
Nominalization: 5.0 5.01324503311 100% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1425.0 1373.03311258 104% => OK
No of words: 284.0 270.72406181 105% => OK
Chars per words: 5.0176056338 5.08290768461 99% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.10515524023 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.51812266926 2.5805825403 98% => OK
Unique words: 152.0 145.348785872 105% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.535211267606 0.540411800872 99% => OK
syllable_count: 425.7 419.366225166 102% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 9.0 8.23620309051 109% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 2.0 1.51434878587 132% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 14.0 13.0662251656 107% => OK
Sentence length: 20.0 21.2450331126 94% => OK
Sentence length SD: 50.7221824838 49.2860985944 103% => OK
Chars per sentence: 101.785714286 110.228320801 92% => OK
Words per sentence: 20.2857142857 21.698381199 93% => OK
Discourse Markers: 8.57142857143 7.06452816374 121% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 0.0 4.19205298013 0% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 7.0 4.45695364238 157% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.0576531190077 0.272083759551 21% => The similarity between the topic and the content is low.
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0273003735799 0.0996497079465 27% => Sentence topic similarity is low.
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0683665756208 0.0662205650399 103% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.0563987685854 0.162205337803 35% => Maybe some paragraphs are off the topic.
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.07164666124 0.0443174109184 162% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 12.4 13.3589403974 93% => Automated_readability_index is low.
flesch_reading_ease: 59.64 53.8541721854 111% => OK
smog_index: 3.1 5.55761589404 56% => Smog_index is low.
flesch_kincaid_grade: 9.9 11.0289183223 90% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.84 12.2367328918 97% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.24 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 65.0 63.6247240618 102% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 10.0 10.498013245 95% => OK
text_standard: 10.0 11.2008830022 89% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
It is not exactly right on the topic in the view of e-grader. Maybe there is a wrong essay topic.
Rates: 3.33333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 1.0 Out of 30
---------------------
Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.