Reading passage:
An airship is a type of aircraft that flies using a very large balloon filled with a lighter-than-air gas. Airships were an important means of air transportation before the 1940s but are little used today, having been largely replaced by airplanes and helicopters. However, some aeronautical engineers believe that airships could become popular again because they offer a number of advantages over airplanes and helicopters.
One advantage of airships is that for vertical lift(the force that keeps the ship airborne),they use a balloon that floats rather than an engine. Airplanes and helicopters use engines for both vertical lift and horizontal movement, but airships use engines solely for horizontal movement. So, airships use less fuel than a typical aircraft-thus making their fuel costs more economical.
Another advantage of airships is that they can be used in hard-to-reach locations. Unlike airplanes, airships do not require a long runway for takeoff and landing because of their ability to lift off and land vertically. The only other aircraft capable of ascending into the sky by going straight up and descending straight down to the ground is the helicopter, which can carry only a small amount of weight. Airships, meanwhile, are able to carry very heavy loads. As a result, airships could do jobs that neither airplanes nor helicopters can do, such as carrying heavy logs from forests to distribution centers.
Finally,airships could even be used to replace satellites.Currently, satellites are launched into Earth's orbit carying all kinds of equipment important in telecommunications or in surveying large areas of Earth's surface for military purposes.Since airships can also rise high above the surface and stay there without refueling for a significant amount of time,they could provide services similar to those provided by satellites,and at a considerably cheaper cost.
Both reading and listening passage discusses the usage of airships in the future. The text provides several advantages for using this vehicle, however, the lecturer refutes all of them with strong reasons one by one.
First of all, the article claims that because airships don't use the engine for lifting, there would be less need to fuel energy. On the other hand, the professor points out that airships need a gas lighter than air to move up. This gas can be hydrogen or helium, which using both have some problems, since hydrogen can easily get fire - that previously occurred a lot- and obtaining Helium is difficult that makes it expensive, besides, it is not as efficient as hydrogen is.
Secondly, the writer expresses that it is possible to use airships for transporting heavy loads since they do not need huge places to take off and land, and besides, have more capacity than helicopters, but conversely, the man says that it is not a good idea because for instance, if an airship wants to convey loads in trees, it should move so slowly to be safe in taking off, landing, and holding it, but it can't since it could easily damage by wind.
Third, the passage suggests that airships can be a cheaper alternative for satellites, while the man argues that they cannot go above 40 kilometers (that is needed to give communication services) because they are not ready to go this high since there are winds there.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 3, column 56, Rule ID: EN_CONTRACTION_SPELLING
Message: Possible spelling mistake found
Suggestion: don't
...he article claims that because airships dont use the engine for lifting, there would...
^^^^
Line 5, column 411, Rule ID: CANT[1]
Message: Did you mean 'can't' or 'cannot'?
Suggestion: can't; cannot
...ng off, landing, and holding it, but it cant since it could easily damage by wind. ...
^^^^
Line 5, column 411, Rule ID: IT_VBZ[1]
Message: Did you mean 'cants'?
Suggestion: cants
...ng off, landing, and holding it, but it cant since it could easily damage by wind. ...
^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
besides, but, conversely, first, however, if, second, secondly, so, third, while, for instance, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 12.0 10.4613686534 115% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 10.0 5.04856512141 198% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 10.0 12.0772626932 83% => OK
Pronoun: 24.0 22.412803532 107% => OK
Preposition: 28.0 30.3222958057 92% => OK
Nominalization: 2.0 5.01324503311 40% => More nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1176.0 1373.03311258 86% => OK
No of words: 247.0 270.72406181 91% => More content wanted.
Chars per words: 4.76113360324 5.08290768461 94% => OK
Fourth root words length: 3.96437052324 4.04702891845 98% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.45171901298 2.5805825403 95% => OK
Unique words: 154.0 145.348785872 106% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.623481781377 0.540411800872 115% => OK
syllable_count: 368.1 419.366225166 88% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.5 1.55342163355 97% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 7.0 8.23620309051 85% => OK
Subordination: 3.0 1.25165562914 240% => Less adverbial clause wanted.
Conjunction: 4.0 1.51434878587 264% => Less conjunction wanted as sentence beginning.
Preposition: 2.0 2.5761589404 78% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 7.0 13.0662251656 54% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 35.0 21.2450331126 165% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 122.088626223 49.2860985944 248% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 168.0 110.228320801 152% => OK
Words per sentence: 35.2857142857 21.698381199 163% => OK
Discourse Markers: 18.1428571429 7.06452816374 257% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 3.0 4.19205298013 72% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 3.0 4.33554083885 69% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 1.0 4.27373068433 23% => More facts, knowledge or examples wanted.
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.186508107336 0.272083759551 69% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.0913449539234 0.0996497079465 92% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0516964422225 0.0662205650399 78% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.102666709425 0.162205337803 63% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0419535617258 0.0443174109184 95% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 18.6 13.3589403974 139% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 44.41 53.8541721854 82% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.8 11.0289183223 143% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 10.92 12.2367328918 89% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.76 8.42419426049 104% => OK
difficult_words: 53.0 63.6247240618 83% => More difficult words wanted.
linsear_write_formula: 9.0 10.7273730684 84% => OK
gunning_fog: 16.0 10.498013245 152% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
---------------------
Rates: 85.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 25.5 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.