The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska.
When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators.
Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
The article discusses possible reasons for sea otter decline in which it states that the main cause of the decline of the sea otter is environmental pollution. The passage provides three reasons to support the hypothesis of environmental pollution for declining of the sea otter in the region of Alaska. However, the lecture disagrees with the article about the possible cause for the sea otter decline. She states that predation is a major reason for the decline; and, she provides reasons refutes each reason for the article.
Firstly, the reading says that chemical pollution reason for the decline of the sea otter which refutes by professor reasoning in a logical way. The presence of no dead sea otter in the shore of the ocean supports the theory of predation over the environmental pollution for the reduction of the sea otter. According to her, if environmental pollution is the cause for the decimation of the sea otter, dead sea otter must be seen on the shore side.
Secondly, the reason provides in the passage for supporting pollution hypothesis is debunked by the lecturer's view. She refuses the point that the environmental pollution for the decline of all the mammal-like sea-lion and seals; she added that the orca is responsible for this decline as its food, the whale is hunted down by the human hunter.
Thirdly, the inaccessibility of the orca in the many regions results in the uneven distribution of the sea otter. Claim present in the passage that the pollution results in it refute by the reasoning of the lecturer. Evidently, she says that the shallow region has a number of sea otter than other deep regions of the ocean.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 128, Rule ID: IN_A_X_MANNER[1]
Message: Consider replacing "in a logical way" with adverb for "logical"; eg, "in a hasty manner" with "hastily".
...er which refutes by professor reasoning in a logical way. The presence of no dead sea otter in t...
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Transition Words or Phrases used:
but, first, firstly, however, if, second, secondly, so, third, thirdly
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 7.0 10.4613686534 67% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 1.0 5.04856512141 20% => OK
Conjunction : 1.0 7.30242825607 14% => More conjunction wanted.
Relative clauses : 9.0 12.0772626932 75% => More relative clauses wanted.
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 38.0 30.3222958057 125% => OK
Nominalization: 14.0 5.01324503311 279% => Less nominalizations (nouns with a suffix like: tion ment ence ance) wanted.
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1385.0 1373.03311258 101% => OK
No of words: 280.0 270.72406181 103% => OK
Chars per words: 4.94642857143 5.08290768461 97% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.09062348924 4.04702891845 101% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.72626819394 2.5805825403 106% => OK
Unique words: 118.0 145.348785872 81% => More unique words wanted.
Unique words percentage: 0.421428571429 0.540411800872 78% => More unique words wanted or less content wanted.
syllable_count: 438.3 419.366225166 105% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 5.0 3.25607064018 154% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 1.0 1.25165562914 80% => OK
Conjunction: 0.0 1.51434878587 0% => OK
Preposition: 1.0 2.5761589404 39% => More preposition wanted as sentence beginning.
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 12.0 13.0662251656 92% => OK
Sentence length: 23.0 21.2450331126 108% => OK
Sentence length SD: 34.472513205 49.2860985944 70% => OK
Chars per sentence: 115.416666667 110.228320801 105% => OK
Words per sentence: 23.3333333333 21.698381199 108% => OK
Discourse Markers: 5.83333333333 7.06452816374 83% => OK
Paragraphs: 4.0 4.09492273731 98% => OK
Language errors: 1.0 4.19205298013 24% => OK
Sentences with positive sentiment : 4.0 4.33554083885 92% => OK
Sentences with negative sentiment : 3.0 4.45695364238 67% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 5.0 4.27373068433 117% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.233235186126 0.272083759551 86% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.122867671645 0.0996497079465 123% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0851562965143 0.0662205650399 129% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.161906587341 0.162205337803 100% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0661149810766 0.0443174109184 149% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 13.5 13.3589403974 101% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 48.13 53.8541721854 89% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 12.3 11.0289183223 112% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 11.73 12.2367328918 96% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.22 8.42419426049 98% => OK
difficult_words: 61.0 63.6247240618 96% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 10.5 10.7273730684 98% => OK
gunning_fog: 11.2 10.498013245 107% => OK
text_standard: 12.0 11.2008830022 107% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 73.3333333333 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 22.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.