The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.
The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.
Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.
Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.
The reading passage and the lecture are both about the declination of the sea otter from the western coast of California. Whereas the author of the reading states that the reason for the declination is mainly caused by environmental pollution, the lecturer suggests that predators are the reasons to decline the sea otter. The lecturer casts doubts on the main points made in the reading by providing the following three reasons.
first of all, according to the reading oil rings and other industrial pollution decline the resistance and cause otter deaths. However , the lecturer disputes this point. He says that there is no dead sea otter that was found on the shore in the recent past. Furthermore, she mentions that, if the otter is predated by the predator than the sea shorer might not find any otter dead body.
Secondly, the reading states that other sea mammals like otter species are also declining which indicates that the environmental pollution affect the entire community of the ecosystem and also add that the only preditor orca which prefer to hunt larger prey like whele but not the otter.Nevertheless,the lecturer refutes these arguments.He argues that due to the human huntinh of the whele their number decline on a large sclae thus the orcsa have to depend on the small prey like the otter.
Finally,the reading claims that pattern of the declaionation of the otter are unevenly distributed whhich indicate the environmental effect of the perticular area.On the other hand,the lecturer believes that the locations which are accessible to the orca the decline rate is very high then the shalow and rockey area where the orca can not access.
In conclusion,although both the reading and the lecturer talk about the decline of the sea otter, but the main points made by the reading are effectively challenged by the lecturer.
Grammar and spelling errors:
Line 5, column 1, Rule ID: UPPERCASE_SENTENCE_START
Message: This sentence does not start with an uppercase letter
Suggestion: First
...iding the following three reasons. first of all, according to the reading oil ri...
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Line 5, column 135, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma, but not before the comma
Suggestion: ,
...sistance and cause otter deaths. However , the lecturer disputes this point. He sa...
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Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: Nevertheless
...arger prey like whele but not the otter.Nevertheless,the lecturer refutes these arguments.He...
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Line 9, column 300, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...ike whele but not the otter.Nevertheless,the lecturer refutes these arguments.He arg...
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Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: He
...ss,the lecturer refutes these arguments.He argues that due to the human huntinh of...
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Line 13, column 8, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
... small prey like the otter. Finally,the reading claims that pattern of the decl...
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Line 13, column 164, Rule ID: SENTENCE_WHITESPACE
Message: Add a space between sentences
Suggestion: On
...ronmental effect of the perticular area.On the other hand,the lecturer believes th...
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Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , the
...of the perticular area.On the other hand,the lecturer believes that the locations wh...
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Line 17, column 14, Rule ID: COMMA_PARENTHESIS_WHITESPACE
Message: Put a space after the comma
Suggestion: , although
... orca can not access. In conclusion,although both the reading and the lecturer talk ...
^^^^^^^^^
Transition Words or Phrases used:
also, but, finally, first, furthermore, however, if, nevertheless, second, secondly, so, then, thus, whereas, in conclusion, first of all, on the other hand
Attributes: Values AverageValues Percentages(Values/AverageValues)% => Comments
Performance on Part of Speech:
To be verbs : 11.0 10.4613686534 105% => OK
Auxiliary verbs: 2.0 5.04856512141 40% => OK
Conjunction : 8.0 7.30242825607 110% => OK
Relative clauses : 15.0 12.0772626932 124% => OK
Pronoun: 17.0 22.412803532 76% => OK
Preposition: 36.0 30.3222958057 119% => OK
Nominalization: 7.0 5.01324503311 140% => OK
Performance on vocabulary words:
No of characters: 1561.0 1373.03311258 114% => OK
No of words: 305.0 270.72406181 113% => OK
Chars per words: 5.11803278689 5.08290768461 101% => OK
Fourth root words length: 4.17902490978 4.04702891845 103% => OK
Word Length SD: 2.81449777989 2.5805825403 109% => OK
Unique words: 157.0 145.348785872 108% => OK
Unique words percentage: 0.514754098361 0.540411800872 95% => OK
syllable_count: 479.7 419.366225166 114% => OK
avg_syllables_per_word: 1.6 1.55342163355 103% => OK
A sentence (or a clause, phrase) starts by:
Pronoun: 3.0 3.25607064018 92% => OK
Article: 8.0 8.23620309051 97% => OK
Subordination: 2.0 1.25165562914 160% => OK
Conjunction: 1.0 1.51434878587 66% => OK
Preposition: 3.0 2.5761589404 116% => OK
Performance on sentences:
How many sentences: 10.0 13.0662251656 77% => Need more sentences. Double check the format of sentences, make sure there is a space between two sentences, or have enough periods. And also check the lengths of sentences, maybe they are too long.
Sentence length: 30.0 21.2450331126 141% => The Avg. Sentence Length is relatively long.
Sentence length SD: 129.19597517 49.2860985944 262% => The lengths of sentences changed so frequently.
Chars per sentence: 156.1 110.228320801 142% => OK
Words per sentence: 30.5 21.698381199 141% => OK
Discourse Markers: 15.6 7.06452816374 221% => Less transition words/phrases wanted.
Paragraphs: 5.0 4.09492273731 122% => OK
Language errors: 9.0 4.19205298013 215% => Less language errors wanted.
Sentences with positive sentiment : 2.0 4.33554083885 46% => More positive sentences wanted.
Sentences with negative sentiment : 4.0 4.45695364238 90% => OK
Sentences with neutral sentiment: 4.0 4.27373068433 94% => OK
What are sentences with positive/Negative/neutral sentiment?
Coherence and Cohesion:
Essay topic to essay body coherence: 0.237040142016 0.272083759551 87% => OK
Sentence topic coherence: 0.112738993092 0.0996497079465 113% => OK
Sentence topic coherence SD: 0.0903554138215 0.0662205650399 136% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence: 0.138442153699 0.162205337803 85% => OK
Paragraph topic coherence SD: 0.0635943104782 0.0443174109184 143% => OK
Essay readability:
automated_readability_index: 17.9 13.3589403974 134% => OK
flesch_reading_ease: 41.03 53.8541721854 76% => OK
smog_index: 8.8 5.55761589404 158% => OK
flesch_kincaid_grade: 15.0 11.0289183223 136% => OK
coleman_liau_index: 13.01 12.2367328918 106% => OK
dale_chall_readability_score: 8.96 8.42419426049 106% => OK
difficult_words: 74.0 63.6247240618 116% => OK
linsear_write_formula: 11.0 10.7273730684 103% => OK
gunning_fog: 14.0 10.498013245 133% => OK
text_standard: 9.0 11.2008830022 80% => OK
What are above readability scores?
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Rates: 60.0 out of 100
Scores by essay e-grader: 18.0 Out of 30
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Note: the e-grader does NOT examine the meaning of words and ideas. VIP users will receive further evaluations by advanced module of e-grader and human graders.